碳基复合材料的制备及其对废水中重金属离子和有机染料吸附性能的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 04:25

本文选题：Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣 + 蒙脱土/碳球　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪八十年代以来,随着我国改革开放步伐的加快,工业、农业和科技业等各个领域都取得了较大的进步。尤其是工业水平的发展,它在提高我国经济水平的同时造成了环境各个方面的日益污染,比如工业废水的随意排放,其中含有的重金属离子和有机染料可以间接地通过别的途径危害人类的身体健康。重金属离子Cr(VI)具有非常强的毒性,可以致癌致畸形致突变,已经被列为危害人体最大的八种化学物质之一;有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)和亚甲基蓝(MB)具有的复杂结构,使得被其污染的工业废水难以进行彻底的脱色处理。因此,选择合适的方法治理工业废水中的污染物,对于保证人类的身体健康具有重大的意义。由于吸附法具有设备简单、适用范围广、处理效果好、吸附剂可再生使用和一般不会产生二次污染的优点,本论文通过制备具有吸附性能的碳基复合材料,将其用于对工业废水中的重金属离子Cr(VI)、有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能研究。主要的研究成果如下:1.以盐酸浸泡锅炉房的废弃煤渣即改性煤渣为前驱体,采用溶剂热法制备了磁性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)/改性煤渣复合材料,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-1R)和物理吸附仪(BET)的表征手段对复合材料进行表征测试。以此材料为Cr(VI)离子的吸附剂,考察吸附剂用量、时间、Cr(VI)离子溶液的初始pH值和初始浓度因素对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,此吸附反应在1.5 g的吸附剂用量,60 min的吸附时间和初始pH值为3.00的Cr(VI)离子溶液的条件下,其吸附效果最好。动力学分析可知,磁性Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣对Cr(VI)离子溶液的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,连续进行五次吸附/再生循环后,材料的吸附率均在90%以上,表明Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣具有较好的循环可再生性,而四氧化三铁本身具有的磁性可用于废水处理过程的快速分离。2.以原性蒙脱土为前驱体,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,葡萄糖为碳源,采用溶剂热法制备了蒙脱土/碳球复合材料,运用SEM、XRD、XPS、FT-1R和BET的表征手段对复合材料进行表征测试。把该复合材料作为对罗丹明B(RhB)的吸附剂,探究该吸附剂材料的用量、吸附时间、RhB溶液的初始pH值和初始浓度以及吸附温度等因素对其吸附性能的影响。其结果表明,吸附温度是45℃,反应吸附剂用量0.3 g,吸附时间为15 min,溶液初始pH值为5.00的RhB溶液的条件下,其吸附效果最好。动力学模拟分析可知,蒙脱土/碳球对RhB的吸附符合准二级动力学方程。蒙脱土/碳球对RhB的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。吸附热力学参数表明蒙脱土/碳球对RhB的吸附是自发的、吸热的物理吸附反应。对吸附剂循环稳定性测试结果表明,该吸附剂连续进行五次吸附/再生循环后,材料对于RhB的吸附率均在90%左右。表明蒙脱土/碳球具有较好的吸附循环可再生性。3.以葡萄糖为碳源,可溶性无机盐氯化钠为模板,在500℃的高温下锻烧制备成多孔碳材料,运用SEM、XRD、XPS、FT-1R和BET的表征手段对其进行表征测试。以葡萄糖作为碳源高温碳化所制备的多孔碳材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)进行吸附实验。通过研究该材料的用量、吸附时间、MB溶液的初始浓度和初始pH值以及温度等因素对该吸附实验的影响。其结果表明,此吸附反应在0.0075 g的吸附剂用量,2 min的吸附时间,pH值为6.00的MB溶液和吸附温度是25℃的条件下,其吸附效果最好。动力学分析可知,多孔碳对MB的吸附符合准二级动力学方程。多孔碳对MB的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。吸附热力学参数表明多孔碳对MB的吸附是自发的、放热的物理吸附反应。连续进行五次吸附/再生循环后,材料的吸附率在逐渐下降,多孔碳对MB去除的再生性能一般,但其一次性使用性能较好,近乎于100%。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, with China's reform and opening up, industry, agriculture and other fields of science and technology of each industry have made great progress. Especially the development of the industry, it can improve the level of China's economic and environmental pollution caused by various aspects, such as the indiscriminate discharge of industrial wastewater, which contains heavy metal ions and organic dyes can indirectly through other ways to do harm to human health. Heavy metal ion Cr (VI) has very strong toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity can form, has been listed as one of eight kinds of chemical substances to human harm for the biggest risk; organic dye Luo Danming B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) complex with the structure, makes the industrial wastewater by the pollution is difficult to completely decolorize pollutants. Therefore, choose the appropriate method in industrial wastewater treatment, to ensure human Is of great significance to health. Because of the adsorption method has the advantages of simple equipment, wide application range, good treatment effect, and the use of renewable adsorbent generally does not produce the advantages of two pollution, carbon based composite material through the preparation of adsorption performance, be used for heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater (Cr VI) Luo Danming B, organic dye (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The main results are as follows: 1. in hydrochloric acid soaking boiler waste cinder modified coal cinder as precursor, the magnetic Fe3O4 prepared by solvothermal method (Fe_3O_4) / modified slag composite materials, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-1R) and physical adsorption analyzer (BET) the characterization methods to characterize the composite material. This material is Cr (VI) The effects of adsorbent, adsorbent dosage, time, Cr (VI) affect the adsorption performance of materials of initial pH ion solution and initial concentration factors. The results showed that the adsorption reaction in the adsorption of 1.5 g dosage 60 min, adsorption time and initial pH value of 3 Cr (VI) ion the solution conditions, the adsorption effect is the best. Dynamics analysis shows that the magnetic properties of Fe_3O_4/ modified slag on Cr (VI) adsorption of ionic solution with quasi two order kinetic equation, five consecutive times adsorption / regeneration cycles, the material absorption rate of more than 90%, indicated that Fe_3O_4/ modified slag has good renewable cycle the rapid separation of.2. and magnetic ferroferric oxide itself has used for wastewater treatment process based on original montmorillonite as precursor, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, glucose as carbon source, prepared by the solvothermal method Montmorillonite / carbon spheres composite materials, the use of SEM, XRD, XPS, FT-1R and BET were characterized by means of characterization of composite materials. The composite materials of Luo Danming B (RhB) as the adsorbent, into the adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, initial RhB value of solution pH and initial factors the initial concentration and adsorption temperature on the adsorption properties. The results showed that the adsorption temperature is 45 DEG C, the reaction of adsorbent dosage 0.3 g, adsorption time is 15 min, the initial pH value of solution for 5 RhB solution conditions, the adsorption effect is best. Dynamic simulation analysis can know, montmorillonite / carbon adsorption the ball of RhB follows a pseudo two order kinetic equation. The adsorption of montmorillonite / carbon spheres on the RhB line with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamics parameters indicated that adsorption of montmorillonite / carbon spheres of RhB is a spontaneous endothermic reaction, physical adsorption. The adsorption cycle stability test results Show that the adsorbent for five times of adsorption / regeneration cycles, the material for the RhB adsorption rate of around 90%. That of montmorillonite / carbon spheres with.3. adsorption cycle renewable well using glucose as carbon source, soluble inorganic salt sodium chloride as template, in the high temperature of 500 DEG C to prepare porous carbon materials, the use of SEM, XRD, XPS, FT-1R and BET were characterized by means of characterization tests on it. As the carbon source in high temperature carbonization porous carbon material prepared for methylene blue with glucose (MB) were investigated. Through the study of the material dosage, adsorption time, initial concentration of solution of MB and the initial pH value and temperature on the adsorption experiments. The results show that the adsorption reaction in the adsorption of 0.0075 g dosage, adsorption time of 2 min, pH value of 6 MB solution and adsorption temperature is 25 DEG condition, the adsorption effect of the best power. Study shows that the adsorption of porous carbon MB with quasi two level dynamic equation. The adsorption of porous carbon on MB line with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamics parameters indicated that adsorption of MB on porous carbon is spontaneous, exothermic physical adsorption. Five consecutive times adsorption / regeneration cycles, the adsorption rate of materials decreased gradually in porous carbon on the regeneration performance of MB removal, but the one-time use of good performance, close to 100%.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB33;X703

【参考文献】