复合多层材料绝热性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 15:48

本文选题：低温绝热 + 多层绝热　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：航天运输系统中的低温推进剂(液氢/液氧)相对于常规推进剂,具有更大的比冲,而且无毒无污染,是效率最高的化学推进剂。低温推进剂在轨贮存中需要高效的绝热技术,其较为常见的方案是复合高真空多层绝热材料,它主要由泡沫和多层绝热材料复合而成。目前,高真空多层绝热材料是绝热性能最好的材料,通常称为"超级绝热",但是其性能受到层间真空度、多层材料层密度、材料厚度、边界温度等诸多因素影响,而且理论计算方法又存在多种局限性。因此,搭建一套可靠的复合高真空多层绝热材料性能测试系统,以及建立一套有效的性能预测方法,对今后复合高真空多层材料标准化测量和工程应用具有重要作用。为此,本文主要做了以下工作:首先介绍了各种低温绝热材料及其优缺点,系统地整理高真空多层绝热材料的发展历史以及其性能影响因素。对几种典型的国内外试验平台进行了详细的分析,同时介绍了最新基于制冷机的材料测试方法。根据目前复合高真空多层绝热材料性能计算的方法,同时结合复合多层绝热材料中的气体传热,固体传热和辐射传热的基础理论,建立计算复合高真空多层绝热材料性能的理论模型,并基于MatLab编制性能预测程序。搭建复合高真空多层绝热材料测试系统,其主要由量热器系统、抽真空系统、数据采集系统和辅助系统组成。通过实验测试以及理论计算,验证其可靠性,同时分析其误差以保证测量精度。根据实际应用,测试带一定预紧力的复合多层绝热材料,验证了其性能优于单一的聚氨酯泡沫材料,测试结果表明复合高真空多层绝材料性能最好为2.58×104W/m·K。根据实验测试结果,通过修正理论计算模型来预测实验测试限制下的复合高真空多层绝热材料的性能。
[Abstract]:The cryogenic propellants (liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen) in space transportation systems have higher specific impulse than conventional propellants, and are non-toxic and pollution-free, so they are the most efficient chemical propellants.High efficient adiabatic technology is needed for cryogenic propellant storage in orbit. The common method is to compound high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material, which is mainly composed of foam and multilayer adiabatic material.At present, the high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is the best adiabatic material, which is usually called "super adiabatic", but its performance is affected by many factors, such as interlayer vacuum degree, multilayer material layer density, material thickness, boundary temperature and so on.Moreover, there are many limitations in the theoretical calculation method.Therefore, it is important for the standardization measurement and engineering application of composite high vacuum multilayer materials to set up a reliable testing system for the performance of multilayer composite high vacuum insulation materials and to establish a set of effective performance prediction methods.The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, various low temperature adiabatic materials and their merits and demerits are introduced, and the development history of high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials and the influencing factors of their properties are introduced systematically.Several typical test platforms at home and abroad are analyzed in detail, and the latest material testing methods based on refrigerators are introduced.According to the current method for calculating the properties of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials, and combining with the basic theories of gas heat transfer, solid heat transfer and radiation heat transfer in composite multilayer adiabatic materials,A theoretical model for calculating the properties of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials is established, and a performance prediction program based on MatLab is developed.The test system of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is built, which is mainly composed of calorimeter system, vacuum pumping system, data acquisition system and auxiliary system.The reliability is verified by experimental test and theoretical calculation, and the error is analyzed to ensure the measurement accuracy.According to the practical application, the composite multilayer adiabatic material with certain preloading force is tested, and its performance is better than that of the single polyurethane foam material. The test results show that the properties of the composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is 2.58 脳 104W/m K.Based on the experimental results, the properties of the composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials limited by the experimental test are predicted by modifying the theoretical calculation model.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB33

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