DNA和金纳米颗粒的自组装

发布时间：2018-04-20 18:16

本文选题：金纳米颗粒 + DNA　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：DNA是一种天然的生物大分子,DNA本身优越的特性使它能够在构建纳米结构发面发挥极大的作用。碱基互补配对的精确性可以预测和控制链段之间的结合；刚性的DNA双链以及相对柔性的DNA单链的交错使用可以任意设计纳米结构的几何形状；技术成熟分子生物学以及有机化学使我们可以对任意序列的DNA末端进行修饰;最重要的是DNA有着很好的生物相容性,能够和各种纳米材料包括其他的生物材料以及金属纳米颗粒一起组装成多功能纳米结构。与此同时,对纳米金属材料进行自组装同样得到了广泛的关注,这些颗粒的量子尺寸、体积以及表面效应使得他们有非常好的特性和应用前景,并且这些特性使得纳米材料本身就具有很好的生物活性,粘聚性以及细胞扩散性。所以将这些纳米材料通过DNA的自组装按着设计好的形式组合起来有着非常重大的意义。(1)以DNA为模版对金属纳米颗粒进行有序的排列。首先,我们选用模版一种天然环状单链病毒DNA-PHIX174作为模版,并且将设计好序列的引物DNA连接到金纳米颗粒上。然后,通过单循环的PCR反应将修饰有引物的金纳米颗粒连接在环状DNA模版上。最后对生成的自组装体进行分析。在实验中,我们不仅成功地将不同数目的金纳米颗粒连接到DNA模版上,使他们排列成三角形,正方形等形状。并且,我们还将金纳米颗粒分别和钯纳米颗粒以及金纳米棒组装在一起,组成了多组分的纳米结构。(2)以金纳米颗粒为模版,使DNA在金纳米颗粒表面进行自组装。首先设计好具有特定序列的四条DNA单链(I, II, III, IV).每一个单链都包含48个核苷酸,可具体细分为三片16个核苷酸的区段。每条链的前两片区段与相邻DNA链的前两片区段相互结合,形成四支叉结构的中心。稍有不同的是第三片区段,前三条DNA单链的第三片区段是回文序列的粘性末端,能够使四支叉结构进行互相组合。而第四条DNA单链的第三片区段是用来与金纳米颗粒表面的DNA进行结合的。然后将DNA功能化的金纳米颗粒与四条DNA单链(I, II, III, IV)混合在一起进行一步法反应。
[Abstract]:DNA is a kind of natural biological macromolecule, which can play an important role in the construction of nanostructures. The accuracy of base complementary pairing can predict and control the combination of segments, rigid DNA double strands and relatively flexible DNA single strands can be used to design the geometry of nanostructures arbitrarily. Technologically mature molecular biology and organic chemistry have made it possible to modify the DNA ends of any sequence; most importantly, DNA has good biocompatibility. Multifunctional nanostructures can be assembled with various nanomaterials, including other biomaterials and metal nanoparticles. At the same time, the self-assembly of nanometallic materials has also received extensive attention. The quantum size, volume and surface effects of these particles make them have very good properties and application prospects. These properties make the nanomaterials have good bioactivity, agglutination and cell diffusion. Therefore, it is of great significance to combine these nanomaterials according to the designed form by DNA self-assembly. (1) using DNA as template, the metal nanoparticles are arranged in an orderly manner. First, we selected a natural circular single-stranded virus (DNA-PHIX174) as template, and linked the designed primer DNA to gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles modified with primers were then attached to the ring DNA template by a single cycle PCR reaction. Finally, the generated self-assembly is analyzed. In the experiment, we not only successfully connected different numbers of gold nanoparticles to the DNA template, but also arranged them into triangular and square shapes. In addition, the gold nanoparticles were assembled with palladium nanoparticles and gold nanorods, respectively, to form a multicomponent nanostructure. The gold nanoparticles were used as template to make DNA self-assemble on the surface of gold nanoparticles. First of all, four DNA single strands (I, II, III, IVP) with specific sequences are designed. Each single strand contains 48 nucleotides and can be subdivided into three segments of 16 nucleotides. The first two segments of each chain are combined with the first two segments of the adjacent DNA chain to form the center of the four-fork structure. The third segment of the first three DNA strands is the viscous end of the palindrome sequence, which enables the four forks to be combined with each other. The third segment of the fourth DNA single strand is used to bind to DNA on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Then, the DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles were mixed with four DNA single strand I, II, III, IV for one step reaction.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O614.123;TB383.1

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