ZnO基纳米材料的制备及其性质研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 11:35

本文选题：AgBr-znO + ZnFe_2O_4　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：ZnO基纳米材料及其复合物因具有独特的结构、物理化学性质以及优越的性能,被广泛的应用在光学、磁性材料、光催化、传感器等领域。国内外科研工作者一直在探索着如何采用简单、快速、经济安全的方法合成出具有高效性能的纳米材料。本文在国内外大量文献资料调研的基础上,采用化学沉积法和水热方法成功合成了三种不同的基于ZnO的纳米材料及其复合物,研究并探讨了它们在污水处理、环境保护等领域的潜在应用。研究内容包括以下几个方面：1.gBr-Zn O纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性质研究以氯化锌为前驱物,硼氢化钠作为还原剂并为反应体系提供碱性环境,水作为溶剂,并以十二烷基三甲基溴化铵作为表面活性剂并提供溴源,随后,往反应体系中加入一定量的银源前驱物,一步反应得到AgBr-ZnO纳米复合物。通过调节反应温度,优化合成产物。随着反应温度的升高,产物由二元Ag-ZnO转变为三元Ag-AgBr-ZnO,再转变为二元AgBr-ZnO纳米复合材料。随后分别用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征。测试结果表明,产物是一种复合材料,是由梭形ZnO基体,及其表面附着的粒径约10纳米的AgBr组成。比表面测试结果表明复合之后的产物比单一的ZnO具有更大的比表面积。同时研究了其对染料罗丹明B的光催化降解性质。催化结果显示,在带有365纳米带通滤光片的紫外灯照射下,100毫克样品只需花费27分钟即可以将50毫升8毫克每升的罗丹明B水溶液完全降解。重复催化6次后,对罗丹明B的降解效率还可以保持85%以上。2. ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒的制备及其气敏性质研究基于前期的研究工作,以梭形ZnO和三氯化铁为前驱物,水合胼为还原剂,通过水热方法,控制反应温度、反应时间等条件,制备产物。同样采用XRD、TEM和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征。测试结果表明,所合成的产物为粒径在10纳米左右的ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒。产物是一种顺磁性的半导体材料,这样有利于样品的收集和回收利用。同时产物具有较大的比表面积。利用所合成的产物制作了气体传感器,并检测了丙酮、乙醇、甲醛、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯等实验室常见化合物的传感性质。对比结果表明,ZnFe2O4气体传感器对丙酮气体具有较高的选择性和响应性。3. Co0.85Se-ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其催化性质研究在实验室前期合成的Co0.85Se纳米薄膜材料工作的基础上,以硝酸钻、亚硒酸钠和六水合硝酸锌作为前驱物,水合肼为还原剂,以水作为溶剂,采用水热合成方法,通过调节反应物物质的量比,合成了目标产物。同样采用XRD、TEM和XPS等测试手段对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征。一系列的表征测试结果表明,产物是在Co0.84Se薄膜上附着有ZnO纳米颗粒的复合材料。复合之后的产物比Co0.85Se具有更大的比表面积。产物作为催化剂催化分解水合肼,具有较好的催化效率和重复利用性。
[Abstract]:ZnO based nanomaterials and their complexes have been widely used in the fields of optics, magnetic materials, photocatalysis, and sensors because of their unique structure, physical and chemical properties and excellent properties. Researchers at home and abroad have been exploring how to use simple, fast and safe methods to synthesize highly efficient nanomaterials. On the basis of a large number of domestic and foreign literature and data, three different ZnO based nanomaterials and their complexes have been successfully synthesized by chemical deposition and hydrothermal methods, and their potential applications in the fields of sewage treatment and environmental protection are studied and discussed. The internal capacity includes the following aspects: 1.gBr-Zn O Nanocomposite The preparation and photocatalytic properties of the composite materials are studied with zinc chloride as a precursor, sodium borohydride as a reductant and an alkaline environment for the reaction system. Water is used as a solvent and twelve alkyl three methyl ammonium bromide is used as a surface active agent and a bromine source is provided. Then, a certain amount of precursor of silver source is added to the reaction system. To AgBr-ZnO nanocomposites, the synthetic products were optimized by adjusting the reaction temperature. With the increase of reaction temperature, the products changed from two yuan Ag-ZnO to three yuan Ag-AgBr-ZnO and then two yuan AgBr-ZnO nanocomposites. Then, X- ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used respectively. The test results show that the product phase and morphology are characterized. The results show that the product is a composite material consisting of a shuttle ZnO matrix and a AgBr with a particle size of about 10 nanometers attached to the surface. The photocatalytic degradation of Daming B shows that 100 mg samples can completely degrade the Luo Danming B solution of 50 ml 8 mg per liter under UV light with 365 nanoscale filters. After 6 times of repeated catalysis, the degradation efficiency of Luo Danming B can remain above 85%.2. ZnFe2O4 nanometers. The preparation of the particles and their gas sensitive properties are based on the previous research work. Using the shuttle shaped ZnO and ferric trichloride as precursors and hydrated callus as reducing agents, the products were prepared by hydrothermal method, control reaction temperature, reaction time and other conditions. The phase and morphology of the products were also measured by means of XRD, TEM and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the synthesized product is ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a particle size of about 10 nanometers. The product is a paramagnetic semiconductor material, which is beneficial to the collection and recycling of the samples. Meanwhile, the product has a larger specific surface area. The gas sensor is made by the synthesized product and the acetone, B is detected. The sensing properties of alcohol, formaldehyde, isopropanol, ethyl acetate and other common compounds in the laboratory. The comparison results show that the ZnFe2O4 gas sensor has high selectivity and responsiveness to acetone gas and the preparation of.3. Co0.85Se-ZnO nanocomposite and its catalytic properties in the work of the Co0.85Se Nanomaterials Synthesized in the early laboratory. On the basis of this, the target products were synthesized by using the nitrate drills, sodium selenite and six zinc nitrate as precursors, hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, water as a reducing agent and water as a solvent. The target products were synthesized by adjusting the mass ratio of the reactants. The properties and morphology of the products were also characterized by XRD, TEM and XPS. A series of characterization of the products. The test results show that the product is a composite with ZnO nanoparticles on the Co0.84Se film. The composite has a larger specific surface area than Co0.85Se. The product has better catalytic efficiency and reutilization as a catalyst for the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.241

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