碳纤维布增强聚醚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的制备与研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 01:33

本文选题：聚醚酰亚胺 + 复合材料层压板　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：纤维增强树脂基复合材料由于具有低密度、高比强度和比模量、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳等优点，已经在航空航天、汽车、船舶和体育用品等领域得到了广泛的应用。随着航空航天技术的发展，对先进复合材料的性能要求越来越高，传统环氧和双马树脂基复合材料的使用温度已不能满足使用要求.聚酰亚胺树脂由于具有优异的耐热性、耐化学介质性、耐辐射性和良好的综合力学性能，可以作为树脂基体用于制备在300oC以上高温度条件下使用的高性能复合材料。由于传统聚酰亚胺具有难溶难熔的特性，目前应用的聚酰亚胺复合材料主要以热固性聚酰亚胺树脂基体为主。虽然热固性聚酰亚胺复合材料的耐热性能优良，它仍然具有热固性树脂基复合材料的共同缺点，，耐冲击性能相对于热塑性树脂基复合材料较差，即冲击后压缩强度（CAI）值相对较低，导致其在航空航天应用中的复合材料结构件的破损安全性能较差。因而，出于对耐热性和耐冲击性能的要求，热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的研究和应用被广泛的开展起来。本文选用聚醚酰亚胺作为复合材料树脂基体，基于其良好的耐热性和熔融加工能力，希望能通过利用聚醚酰亚胺树脂膜与碳纤维布交替铺叠然后再热压成型的成本较低且相对简单的方法来制备复合材料层压板，同时对比了其他方法（薄膜法和混合法）制备的层压板的相关性能。通过改变碳纤维布的类型、碳纤布表面的处理方式以及树脂膜的厚度，利用层间剪切强度（ILSS）、DSC、DMA测试考察了这些条件对复合材料层压板的性能影响。同时又对复合材料层压板分别进行了湿热老化和湿热老化再干燥处理，评价了其吸水率及老化前后的层间剪切强度和储能模量的变化情况。实验结果表明：碳纤维布表面的硝酸处理、PEI树脂膜厚度的增加、4HS碳纤维布的应用有利于薄膜法制备的层压板ILSS值的提高；层压板L8N4K和PEI预浸料制备的层压板L8P的ILSS值几乎相同，且在所有制备的层压板中ILSS值最大，约为80MPa。DSC测试结果证实了在成型后复合材料层压板中残余内应力的存在。由于制备条件的不同，各复合材料层压板的DSC和DMA测试结果也不尽相同。薄树脂膜制备的层压板的耐吸水性能较差，湿热老化后的吸水率均大于1%。湿热老化后层压板的ILSS值相对于老化之前有所降低，但大小变化顺序与老化之前的几乎相同，仍然是层压板L8P的ILSS值最大，为70.6Mpa。层压板L8N4K和L8A4K老化后的ILSS值也相对较高，分别为65.4MPa和50.9MPa。相比于老化之前，湿热老化及湿热老化再干燥处理后层压板的储能模量和Tg均有不同程度的变化。硝酸处理的碳纤维布增强的层压板L8N4K和L8N5K湿热老化后的储能模量曲线会出现“双玻璃化转变”特殊现象，经过在100oC再干燥处理24h后该现象将随之消失。最终，通过试验研究且综合考虑了适宜的加工条件，确定了层间剪切强度和玻璃化转变温度较高，耐吸湿性较好的综合性能较佳的制备方法较为简单的层压板的制备条件，为50μm厚的聚醚酰亚胺树脂膜和丙酮处理的4HS碳纤维布制备的复合材料层压板L8A4K。
[Abstract]:With the advantages of low density, high specific strength and modulus, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile, ship and sports products. With the development of aerospace technology, the performance of advanced composite materials is becoming more and more demanding, traditional epoxy and double horse. The use temperature of resin based composites can not meet the requirements of use. Polyimide resin can be used as a resin matrix for the preparation of high performance composites at high temperature conditions above 300oC because of its excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, radiation resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties. The polyimide composites are mainly based on the thermosetting polyimide resin matrix. Although the thermosetting polyimide composites have excellent heat-resistant properties, it still has the common shortcomings of the thermosetting resin matrix composites, and the impact resistance is relatively poor compared to the thermoplastic resin matrix composites. That is, the compression strength (CAI) after shock is relatively low, which leads to the poor safety performance of the composite structure parts in aerospace applications. Therefore, the research and application of thermoplastic polyimide resin matrix composites have been widely carried out for the requirements of heat resistance and impact resistance.
In this paper, polyether imide (polyether imide) is used as a composite resin matrix. Based on its good heat resistance and melting processing ability, it is hoped that the composite laminates can be prepared by using polyether imide resin film and carbon fiber cloth alternately and then hot pressing, and the composite laminates are prepared in a relatively low cost and relatively simple method. The correlation properties of the laminates prepared by the thin film method and the mixed method are investigated by changing the type of carbon fiber cloth, the treatment mode of the surface of the carbon fiber cloth and the thickness of the resin film, and using the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), DSC, and DMA tests to investigate the effects of these conditions on the properties of the laminates of the composite material. The moisture absorption and the interlaminar shear strength and modulus of storage before and after aging were evaluated.
The experimental results show that the surface of the carbon fiber cloth is treated with nitric acid, the thickness of the PEI resin film is increased, the application of 4HS carbon fiber cloth is beneficial to the increase of the ILSS value of the laminates prepared by the film method. The ILSS value of the laminates of laminate L8N4K and PEI prepreg prepared by the laminate is almost the same, and the ILSS value is the largest in all the prepared laminates, about 80MPa.DSC The test results confirm the existence of residual internal stress in the laminated composite laminates after forming. Because of the different preparation conditions, the DSC and DMA results of the composite laminates are not the same. The water absorbability of the laminate prepared by the thin resin film is poor, and the water absorption rate after the hot and hot aging is greater than the ILSS of the 1%. laminates after the wet and hot aging. The value of the value is lower than that before aging, but the order of change in size is almost the same as before aging, and the ILSS value of the laminating plate L8P is the largest, and the ILSS value of the 70.6Mpa. laminate L8N4K and L8A4K is relatively higher, which is compared with 65.4MPa and 50.9MPa. before the aging, the wet heat aging, the wet heat aging and the re drying of the laminates. The energy storage modulus and Tg have different degrees of change. The energy storage modulus curve of the laminates reinforced by nitric acid treated carbon fiber cloth, L8N4K and L8N5K, will appear a special phenomenon of "double glass transition", and the phenomenon will disappear after the 100oC redrying of 24h.
Finally, through the experimental study and comprehensive consideration of the suitable processing conditions, the preparation conditions of a more simple preparation method for the preparation of the laminates with a higher interlayer shear strength and a higher glass transition temperature and better hygroscopicity have been determined, which are prepared by a polyether imide resin film with 50 m thick and the 4HS carbon fiber cloth treated with acetone. Composite laminates L8A4K.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

【参考文献】