亚微米CL-20的制备及其在固体推进剂中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:40

本文选题：亚微米CL-20 + 机械研磨　；参考：《南京理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高能钝感推进剂是固体推进剂重要的发展方向之一,添加高能量密度化合物,如CL-20,是实现推进剂高能化的有效途径。但CL-20感度高这一缺点正严重阻碍着其在高能钝感推进剂中的广泛应用。为此,降低CL-20的感度,促进高能钝感推进剂发展显得尤为重要。大量研究表明,含能材料超细化能够显著降低其感度,改善其综合性能。国内外报道了很多有关CL-20超细化的方法,各有优缺点,但为了实现降感CL-20的实际应用,批量制备超细CL-20成了重要课题。为此,本课题采用机械研磨法安全批量地制备了亚微米CL-20颗粒,并初步探索了其在复合固体推进剂中的应用。具体内容如下：首先,采用机械研磨法安全批量地制备了500g亚微米CL-20颗粒。利用激光粒度仪及电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析了亚微米CL-20的粒径分布及颗粒形貌；同时研究了含亚微米CL-20悬浮液浆料的干燥工艺,并采用激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)以及高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析了亚微米CL-20的晶型和纯度,结果表明：亚微米CL-20颗粒呈类球形,其平均粒径(d50)等于200nm,粒径分布窄,并保持着原料CL-20的ε晶型且纯度高。其次,使用热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了亚微米CL-20的热分解特性,同时表征了产品的撞击感度、摩擦感度和冲击波感度,实验结果表明：CL-20亚微米化后其热稳定性基本没有发生变化,其撞击感度,摩擦感度和冲击波感度分别降低了116.2%,22%和53.1%,降感效果非常明显,有利于CL-20的应用。最后,初步探索了亚微米CL-20在HTPB复合固体推进剂中的应用,研究了亚微米CL-20/HTPB推进剂的热性能和能量性能。结果表明：随着亚微米CL-20含量的增加,CL-20/HTPB推进剂的热稳定性稍有降低,但推进剂的最高火焰温度和燃烧速度均随亚微米CL-20含量的增加而升高。
[Abstract]:High energy insensitive propellant is one of the important development directions of solid propellant. Adding high energy density compounds, such as CL-20, is an effective way to realize the high energy of propellant. However, the high sensitivity of CL-20 seriously hinders its wide application in high energy insensitive propellants. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the sensitivity of CL-20 and promote the development of high energy insensitive propellants. A large number of studies show that superfine energetic materials can significantly reduce its sensitivity and improve its comprehensive properties. Many methods of ultra-fine CL-20 have been reported at home and abroad, each has its advantages and disadvantages, but in order to achieve the practical application of CL-20, batch preparation of ultra-fine CL-20 has become an important subject. In this paper, submicron CL-20 particles were prepared safely by mechanical grinding method, and their application in composite solid propellant was preliminarily explored. The main contents are as follows: firstly, 500g submicron CL-20 particles were prepared safely by mechanical grinding. The particle size distribution and morphology of submicron CL-20 were analyzed by means of laser particle size analyzer and electron scanning microscope (SEM), and the drying process of suspension slurry containing submicron CL-20 was also studied. The crystal structure and purity of submicron CL-20 were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the submicron CL-20 particles were spherical. The average particle size is 200 nm, the particle size distribution is narrow, and the 蔚 crystal form of the raw material CL-20 is maintained and the purity is high. Secondly, the thermal decomposition characteristics of submicron CL-20 were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At the same time, the impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and shock wave sensitivity of the product were characterized. The experimental results show that the thermal stability of the CL-20 is almost unchanged after sub-micron reaction, and its impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and shock sensitivity are reduced by 116.2% and 53.1%, respectively. The effect of reducing sensitivity is very obvious, which is beneficial to the application of CL-20. Finally, the application of submicron CL-20 in HTPB composite solid propellants is preliminarily explored. The thermal and energy properties of submicron CL-20/HTPB propellants are studied. The results show that the thermal stability of CL-20 / HTPB propellant decreases slightly with the increase of submicron CL-20 content, but the maximum flame temperature and combustion rate increase with the increase of submicron CL-20 content.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.4

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