离子液体中改性植物纤维制备功能化复合膜的研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 21:38

  本文选题：植物秸秆 + 离子液体　； 参考：《江苏科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：植物秸秆是一种可再生生物质,具有生物降解性、生物相容性以及良好的力学性能等特点。但由于植物秸秆复杂的纤维结构以及其不溶于水和一般溶剂,很难对其直接利用。针对以上问题,本论文通过物理法和化学法对植物纤维进行改性,采用离子液体为溶剂,制备了功能化复合纤维膜等材料。本论文采用一步法制备了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐([EMIM][DEP])等四种离子液体,并对纤维素溶解能力进行测定,发现[EMIM][DEP]对纤维素具有最强的溶解性能,固液比为1:15,T=90℃,t=1.5 h,纤维素的溶解率达100%。首次采用超声辅助和NaOH溶液润胀的方法提取植物纤维素,结果表明植物秸秆经超声辅助和NaOH溶液润胀后的失重率比单纯NaOH溶液润胀植物纤维得到的失重率提高了15.8%,纤维素含量高达89.5%。在[EMIM][DEP]中,当固液比为1:30,T=90℃,t=2 h,植物纤维的溶解率达100%。在离子液体中首次对植物纤维和丝素纤维(Silk Fiber,SF)进行羧基化改性和接枝共聚改性,短时间内提高了羧基含量和接枝率。当T=90℃,t=2 h,羧基桑纤维(Carboxy Mulberry Fiber,CMF)的羧基含量为12.3%,当T=60℃,t=2 h,CMF和SF的接枝率为28.9%。采用流涎法制备了CMF/SF复合膜、桑纤维/竹纤维(Mulberry Fiber/Bamboo Fiber,MF/BF)复合膜等生物质膜,测定了他们的吸水率、溶胀率、拉伸强度等物化性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了每种生物质膜的形貌,采用FTIR、XRD、TGA等方法对生物质膜进行表征。结果表明:CMF/SF复合膜具有较强的吸水性能和溶胀能力,吸水率和溶胀率分别为485%和252%;MF/BF复合膜具有较强的热稳定性和力学性能,其热解温度为269℃,拉伸强度为33.2 MPa;植物纤维经离子液体溶解再生后由Ⅰ型纤维素转变为Ⅱ型纤维素;CMF/SF复合膜和MF/SF复合膜的表面较为光滑,整合度高,具有良好的材料相容性,在食品、医疗等领域具有潜在的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Plant straw is a renewable biomass with biodegradability, biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. However, because of the complex fiber structure of plant straw and its insoluble in water and general solvent, it is difficult to use it directly. In order to solve the above problems, in this paper, the plant fibers were modified by physical and chemical methods, and the functional composite fiber membranes were prepared by using ionic liquids as solvent. In this paper, four kinds of ionic liquids ([EMIM] [DEP]) were prepared by one-step method. The solubility of cellulose was determined. It was found that [EMIM] [DEP] had the strongest solubility to cellulose. When the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 15 鈩，

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