利用ZnOHF中间体制备ZnO纳米花及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 10:26

  本文选题：纳米材料 + 氧化锌　； 参考：《北京邮电大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：氧化锌(ZnO)的激子束缚能(约60mV)相对其它半导体材料非常高,因此它在传感器领域,光催化领域,声波器件领域等众多领域都有着重要应用,是目前的研究热点之一。人们对ZnO研究非常广泛,结果也非常丰富。截至目前,ZnO既有简单的如纳米颗粒,纳米线,纳米棒,纳米管,也有复杂的ZnO体结构材料。这些丰富的ZnO纳米结构,为ZnO的应用提供了很好地基础。 本文采用低温液相法制备花状中间体氧化锌氢氟(ZnOHF),然后在400℃下退火2h后转化为相同形貌的ZnO晶体。按照上述方法制备出ZnO后,接着我们将对ZnOHF晶体的研究,向前推进了一步。我们采用了包括X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和光致发光谱(PL)等仪器设备对ZnOHF的性能进行了测试,对ZnOHF的物相和微观形貌进行了表征。根据这些实验数据,我们对ZnO纳米材料的自生长的物理原理进行了深入分析。结果表明：在制备过程中有棒状ZnOHF出现,其均长约为3μm。退火后获得的ZnO样品的SEM形貌与ZnOHF纳米花一致,说明在400度的高温下煅烧,并不会改变纳米花的形貌。不过由于在煅烧过程中,中间体ZnOHF纳米结构会释放HF气体,所以可以观察到退火后的ZnO纳米花表面有许多缺陷。退火后我们采用TEM分析法对获得的带状ZnO进行了测量分析,发现它展现出多晶结构。随后,我们采用PL谱分析法进行试验,试验中采用的激发光为325nm的紫色激发光。观察获得的谱线,在382nm和540nm处分别获得了一个很强的近紫外峰和较弱黄光发射峰。通过对谱线的分析,我们可以知道382nm处的强近紫外峰是ZnO的本证发光峰,而540nm处的弱黄光发射峰说明我们制备的ZnO纳米花的氧和锌分布均匀,性能较好的ZnO晶体。随后我们将讨论ZnO纳米材料在自然光照下对污染物降解类型的光催化的影响,这是本文的重要议题,这个议题也在环境保护方面有着很好的实际意义。本文结合以前的研究成果,简述了合成纳米片,纳米球和多孔微米球的方法,并对其可能的在光催化领域的应用做了说明。
[Abstract]:The exciton binding energy (about 60mV) of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is very high relative to other semiconductor materials, so it has important applications in many fields, such as sensor field, photocatalytic field, acoustic wave device field and so on. It is one of the hotspots in the field of research. The research of ZnO is very extensive and the results are very rich. So far, ZnO has a simple like Rice particles, nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes also have complex ZnO structure materials. These rich ZnO nanostructures provide a good foundation for the application of ZnO.
In this paper, a low temperature liquid phase method was used to prepare the flower like intermediate Zinc Oxide hydrogen fluoride (ZnOHF), then annealed at 400 C for 2h and converted into the same morphology of the ZnO crystal. After the preparation of ZnO according to the above method, we will study the ZnOHF crystal and push forward one step forward. We have adopted the X ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), The properties of ZnOHF were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The physical and microscopic morphology of ZnOHF were characterized. According to these experimental data, the physical principle of self growth of ZnO nanomaterials was deeply analyzed. The results showed that there were rod like ZnOHF in the preparation process. The SEM morphology of ZnO samples obtained after 3 u M. annealing is the same as that of ZnOHF nanoscale, indicating that calcining at 400 degrees does not change the morphology of the nanoscale flower. However, the intermediate ZnOHF nanostructure releases HF gas during the calcination process, so it can be observed that there are many defects on the surface of the ZnO nanoscale after the annealing. We measured and analyzed the obtained band ZnO by TEM analysis. It was found that it showed a polycrystalline structure. Then, we used PL spectral analysis to test the excitation light of 325nm. The obtained spectral lines were observed, and a very strong near UV peak and weak Huang Guangfa were obtained at 382nm and 540nm respectively. Through the analysis of the spectral lines, we can know that the strong near UV peak at 382nm is the peak of the ZnO, and the weak yellow light emission peak at 540nm shows that the oxygen and zinc distribution of the ZnO nanoscale is uniform and the ZnO crystal has better performance. Then we will discuss the degradation types of ZnO nano materials under natural light. The influence of photocatalysis is an important issue in this paper, and this topic is also of great practical significance in environmental protection. In this paper, the methods of synthesizing nanoscale, nanospheres and porous microspheres are briefly described in this paper, and the possible applications in the field of photocatalysis are described.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.241

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1 刘畅,暴宁钟,杨祝红,陆小华;过渡金属离子掺杂改性TiO_2的光催化性能研究进展[J];催化学报;2001年02期

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