树脂基复合材料的增韧改性研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 13:14

本文选题：环氧树脂 + 增韧　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了解决树脂易脆的问题,本文采用AlOOH、聚苯乙烯纳米球(PS)、碳纳米管(CNT)作为增韧剂添加到树脂基体中以提高树脂的韧性。本文采取共混方法制备AlOOH/环氧树脂复合材料；由于碳纳米管(CNT)在树脂基体之中不易分散,且它们之间弱的界面作用力使得碳纳米管不能更好起到增韧效果。本文使用碳纳米管纳米粒子对树脂进行增韧之前对纳米粒子进行氨基改性以提高其在树脂中分散性,用1,6-二氨基己烷(DAH)作为氨的来源采用湿化学方法对碳纳米管进行氨基改性；聚苯乙烯纳米球由于固化过程中发生相分离导致极易在树脂基体发生团聚,本文在采用碳纳米管对树脂增韧改性前同样对聚苯乙烯进行氨基化改性。对改性后形成的复合材料进行了拉伸强度、断裂韧性、断面等方面及增韧机理的研究。树脂采用AlOOH纳米粒子增韧时,经过对AlOOH/环氧树脂复合材料试样进行拉伸测试结果显示：当AlOOH添加量仅达到4%时,拉伸强度可从62.92MPa增加到78.17MPa,且复合材料的断裂韧性和弯曲强度比纯树脂的分别28.7%和22.2%。通过对断面进行扫面电镜分析,观察发现AlOOH/环氧树脂复合材料断面呈现许多河流状分支呈现明显韧性断裂现象,且伴随着AlOOH质量分数的增加,河流状裂纹变得越来越密集。采用氨基改性后的碳纳米管以及聚苯乙烯纳米球分别对树脂进行增韧,对制备好的氨基改性后碳纳米管以及聚苯乙烯进行红外分析、Zeta电位分析以及热重分析,测试结果均表明氨基已经成功嫁接到CNT和聚苯乙烯表面。对改性后形成的复合材料进行扫面电镜分析,改性后CNT与聚苯乙烯都显示均匀分散在树脂基体中。接着对CNT/环氧树脂复合材料进行力学性能测试结果表明复合材料的拉伸长度与断裂韧性均得到提高,当氨基改性后CNT的添加量仅是0.8%时,CNT/环氧树脂复合材料的断裂韧性和拉伸强度各自提高了95%和42%。同样,含有15%的聚苯乙烯的环氧树脂基复合材料的断裂韧性与拉伸强度可达2.23MPa·m1/2和74.5MPa,相比于纯树脂而言各自提高了25.6%和84.3%。树脂基体中纳米粒子具有的良好的分散性和与树脂基体界面力的增加都对氨基化后纳米粒子增韧树脂基起到至关重要的作用。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of easy embrittlement of resin, AlOOH, polystyrene nanospheres, carbon nanotube (CNT) were used as toughening agent to improve the toughness of resin. In this paper, AlOOH/ epoxy resin composites were prepared by blending method, because carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are not easily dispersed in the resin matrix, and the weak interfacial force between them makes the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) not have a better toughening effect. In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticles were modified with amino groups before toughening the resin to improve their dispersion in the resin. The amino modification of CNTs was carried out by wet chemical method using 1 / 6-diaminohexane (DAH) as the source of ammonia. Polystyrene nanospheres are easy to agglomerate in resin matrix due to phase separation during curing process. In this paper, polystyrene was also modified by amination before toughening of resin by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The tensile strength, fracture toughness, fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of the modified composites were studied. When the resin was toughened by AlOOH nanoparticles, the tensile test results of AlOOH/ epoxy resin composites showed that when the content of AlOOH was only 4%, The tensile strength of the composites can be increased from 62.92MPa to 78.17 MPA, and the fracture toughness and bending strength of the composites are 28.7% and 22.2% than those of pure resins, respectively. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the section, it is found that many fluvial branches of AlOOH/ epoxy resin composite show obvious ductile fracture phenomenon, and with the increase of AlOOH mass fraction, fluvial cracks become more and more dense. The resin was toughened by amino modified carbon nanotubes and polystyrene nanospheres respectively, and the prepared modified carbon nanotubes and polystyrene were analyzed by IR, Zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the amino groups have been successfully grafted to the surface of CNT and polystyrene. The modified CNT and polystyrene were uniformly dispersed in the resin matrix by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the tensile length and fracture toughness of CNT/ epoxy resin composites were improved. The fracture toughness and tensile strength of the modified CNT / epoxy composites were increased by 95% and 42% respectively. Similarly, the fracture toughness and tensile strength of epoxy resin composites containing 15% polystyrene are up to 2.23MPa M1 / 2 and 74.5 MPa, which are 25.6% and 84.3% higher than those of pure resins, respectively. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the resin matrix and the increase of the interfacial force with the resin matrix play an important role in toughening the resin matrix.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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