形状记忆碳纤维复合材料3D打印技术

发布时间：2018-05-27 01:41

本文选题：形状记忆 + 碳纤维　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：形状记忆聚合物是一种智能材料,它可在没有外界机械辅助条件下主动变形,完成“记忆初始态-固定变形态-恢复初始态”的形状记忆过程。将碳纤维材料作为增强体与其复合,可生产出高性能形状记忆碳纤维复合材料,兼顾两种材料的优异性能,但这种复合材料的生产工艺比较复杂。3D打印技术可生产形状复杂的零件,将它应用于复合材料成型工艺,对于促进形状记忆碳纤维复合材料的发展和拓展3D打印技术的应用具有重要意义。本文研究了环氧树脂、聚乳酸(PLA)和氰酸脂三种形状记忆复合材料的重要性能,设计了一种3D打印碳纤维复合材料工艺,测试了3D打印形状记忆碳纤维复合材料的力学性能,分析了3D打印形状记忆复合材料的回复率情况,并对打印试样进行了性能表征。研究了形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料本构关系,采用真空袋成型法制备碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料,并对复合材料动态和静态性能进行了测试,实验比较了不同铺层方式的复合材料力学性能差异。实验还进行了碳纤维氰酸脂复合材料片层回复率与回复力的测试。设计了复合材料的3D打印工艺方案,根据该方案对reprap prusa i3打印机进行了改造和调试。并研究了以PLA为基体的碳纤维复合材料性能。为了提高打印性能,构建了打印机喷头的三维模型,研究分析了打印机挤出机构驱动力情况,分析了打印喷头的温度场。用双螺杆挤出机制备了碳纤维PLA复合材料线材,利用打印机成功打印出了碳纤维复合材料试件。研究了在不同打印温度、速度、层厚下碳纤维复合材料打印试件的力学性能,通过实验对比分析了不同打印参数对试件力学性能的影响。表征了3D打印复合材料试件的力学性能,利用扫描电镜表征了碳纤维复合材料断口形貌特征、碳纤维在基体中的分布情况,探究了不同温度的碳纤维PLA复合材料中基体与增强体的形貌变化,测试了3D打印碳纤维PLA复合材料的形状回复情况。
[Abstract]:Shape memory polymer (SMA) is a kind of intelligent material, which can deform actively without external mechanical assistance, and complete the shape memory process of "memory initial state-fixed variable shape-restore initial state". High performance shape memory carbon fiber composites can be produced by using carbon fiber materials as reinforcements and the excellent properties of the two materials can be taken into account. But the production process of this composite material is quite complex. 3D printing technology can produce parts with complex shape, and it can be applied to the molding process of composite material. It is of great significance to promote the development of shape memory carbon fiber composites and expand the application of 3D printing technology. In this paper, the important properties of three kinds of shape memory composites, epoxy resin, polylactic acid (PLA) and cyanide, were studied. A 3D printed carbon fiber composite was designed, and the mechanical properties of 3D printed shape memory carbon fiber composites were tested. The recovery rate of 3D printed shape memory composites was analyzed and the properties of printed samples were characterized. The constitutive relationship of shape memory polymer and its composites was studied. Carbon fiber epoxy resin composites were prepared by vacuum bag molding. The dynamic and static properties of the composites were tested. The mechanical properties of the composites with different layering methods were compared experimentally. The recovery rate and recovery force of carbon fiber cyanide composites were also tested. The 3D printing process of composite material was designed, according to which the reprap prusa i3 printer was modified and debugged. The properties of carbon fiber composites based on PLA were studied. In order to improve the printing performance, the 3D model of printer nozzle was constructed, the driving force of printer extrusion mechanism was analyzed, and the temperature field of printer nozzle was analyzed. Carbon fiber PLA composite wire was prepared by twin-screw extruder, and the carbon fiber composite specimen was successfully printed by printer. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites (CFRP) printed at different printing temperature, speed and thickness were studied, and the effects of different printing parameters on the mechanical properties were compared and analyzed. The mechanical properties of 3D printed composites were characterized. The fracture morphology of carbon fiber composites and the distribution of carbon fibers in the matrix were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The morphologies of matrix and reinforcements in carbon fiber PLA composites at different temperatures were investigated and the shape recovery of 3D printed carbon fiber PLA composites was tested.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB381;TP391.73

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