聚酰亚胺基复合材料的制备与抗辐射性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 03:23

本文选题：聚酰亚胺 + 复合材料　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文设计并制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/纳米粘土复合材料(PI/OMMT)、聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料(PI/CNT)、聚酰亚胺/石墨型碳化氮复合材料(PI/g-C3N4)及键合铅离子聚酰亚胺复合材料(PI(Pb)),并研究了它们在辐射屏蔽领域的应用。采用傅里叶变换红夕(FT-IR)光谱、核磁共振(1H-NMR),元素分析和X射线衍射(XRD)光谱对所制备的复合材料进行了结构表征；采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了它们的表面形貌；采用热重分析(TGA)研究了它们的热性能；采用力学测试方法对部分复合材料的力学性能进行了分析；采用Y能谱法研究了复合材料的辐射屏蔽性能。主要研究工作由以下四部分组成：(1)采用插层法和原位二步缩聚法制备了一系列粘土含量不同的聚酰亚胺/纳米粘土复合材料-——PI/OMMT 。将纳米粘土掺杂进入由ODA(4,4’-二氨基二苯醚)与PMDA(均苯四甲酸酐)聚合成的聚酰亚胺体系中,通过球磨和自动粉碎机制备了两种不同粒径的模塑粉,并模压成型。实验结果表明：粒径越小,纳米粘土含量越高,越有利于辐射屏蔽效果的增强。(2)采用原位二步聚合法制备了一系列氨基化碳纳米管含量不同的聚酰亚胺/碳纳米管复合材料-——PI/CNT。通过氨基化碳纳米管(ACNT)中的氨基将碳纳米管键合到由ODA(4,4’-二氨基二苯醚)与PMDA(均苯四甲酸酐)聚合成的聚酰亚胺体系中,经球磨工艺制备模塑粉,模压成型。实验结果表明：碳纳米管键合进入聚酰亚胺,使其形成了交联结构,增强了材料的辐射屏蔽效果。(3)采用掺杂法和原位二步缩聚法制备了一系列石墨型氮化碳(g-C3N4)含量不同的聚酰亚胺／石墨型氮化碳复合材料-——PI/g-C3N4。将g-C3N4掺杂进入由ODA与PMDA聚合形成的聚酰亚胺体系中,通过球磨制备模塑粉模压成型。实验结果表明：g-C3N4的引入未明显改变聚酰亚胺的分子量,却增强了材料的辐射屏蔽性能,但是g-C3N4的分散性并不好,无法获得高含量掺杂的样品。(4)采用原位二步缩聚法制备了一系列铅离子含量不同的聚酰亚胺/对氨基苯甲酸铅盐(ABA(Pb))的复合材料——PI(Pb)。采用直接酸碱中和法和离子交换法制备了含有铅离子的二胺单体ABA(Pb):将其作为一种二胺与另一种二胺(BAPP)混合使用,与二酐(BPADA)缩聚制备成聚酰亚胺,从而使铅离子成功键合到了聚酰亚胺体系中,通过球磨制备模塑粉模压成型。实验结果表明：与纯PI材料和同等铅含量、物理掺杂的PI-Pb(NO3)2样品相比,PI(Pb)中铅离子是通过化学键直接键合到聚酰亚胺主链中的,实现了物理掺杂方法不能达到的铅离子均匀分散,其辐射屏蔽性能要明显优于纯PI材料和PI-Pb(NO3)2样品。此外,PI(Pb)材料还具有良好的热稳定性和较好的力学性能。本文的创新点在于：1)提供了多种新型的聚酰亚胺复合材料,拓展了它们在辐射屏蔽领域的应用；2)探索了模塑粉粒径对复合材料辐射屏蔽性能的影响；3)进一步增大了铅元素在辐射屏蔽材料中的分散程度,使基于传统防辐射元素的复合材料的屏蔽性能进一步得到了提高；4)制备的多数材料摆脱了铅等重金属的使用,为研制无污染、无毒的辐射屏蔽材料做了有意义的探索。
[Abstract]:A series of polyimide / nano - clay composites ( PI / OMMT ) , polyimide / carbon nanotube composites ( PI / CNT ) , polyimide / graphite type carbon carbide composites ( PI / g - C3N4 ) and bonded lead - ion polyimide composites ( PI ( Pb )) were designed and prepared , and their applications in the field of radiation shielding were studied . The structures were characterized by FT - IR , 1H - NMR , elemental analysis and X - ray diffraction ( XRD ) .
Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) was used to study their surface morphology .
Thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) was used to study their thermal properties .
The mechanical properties of some composites were analyzed by mechanical testing method .
The radiation shielding properties of composites were studied by Y - ray spectroscopy . The main research work consists of the following four parts : ( 1 ) a series of polyimide / nanoclay composite materials - PI / OMMT with different clay content were prepared by intercalation method and in - situ two - step polycondensation method . A series of polyimide / carbon nanotube composites with different particle sizes were prepared by ball milling and automatic pulverizer . The results showed that the results showed that : the smaller the particle size , the higher the content of nano - clay , the better the effect of radiation shielding .
2 ) the influence of the particle size of the molding powder on the radiation shielding performance of the composite material is explored ;
3 ) the dispersion degree of the lead element in the radiation shielding material is further increased , and the shielding performance of the composite material based on the traditional radiation protection element is further improved ;
4 ) the majority of the material prepared is free from the use of heavy metals such as lead and the like , and has significant exploration for the development of a pollution - free and non - toxic radiation shielding material .
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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