功能化的贵金属纳米颗粒的合成及其检测性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:09

本文选题：贵金属纳米颗粒 + 重金属离子　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在科学技术飞速发展的当今社会,信息技术、环境保护、新型能源、国防以及生物技术的发展使研究者们合成了更高性能的材料。贵金属纳米材料具有众多异于其他材料独特的物理化学性质。在光学、电学、医药、纳米器件及催化等领域都有着良好的应用前景。由于以上特性,贵金属纳米材料得到了研究者们的广泛关注与研究。本文通过简单快捷的方法合成出了金纳米颗粒,并利用其表面等离子体共振性质,作为比色检测探针检测重金属Cr3+。利用牛血清白蛋白功能化的荧光金、银纳米簇作为荧光检测探针用于检测硝基芳香爆炸物,并探索检测试纸的制备和应用。本论文具体研究内容如下:(1)牛血清白蛋白功能化的金纳米簇(BSA Au-NCs)作为荧光探针有选择性的检测2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和对硝基苯酚(4-NP)。通过实验得到的结果证明BSA Au-NCs荧光检测探针具有较高的灵敏度,检测限分别为10 nM和1 nM。BSA Au-NCs荧光检测探针在结构相似的芳香硝基爆炸物中能够准确的检测出TNT和4-NP,说明该探针具有很好的选择性。该检测系统还可以制备成荧光检测试纸检测TNT和4-NP的蒸汽。(2)牛血请白蛋白功能化的银纳米簇(BSA Ag-NCs)和金银双金属纳米簇(BSA Au Ag-NCs)作为荧光探针检测2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和对硝基苯酚(4-NP)。通过荧光淬灭的方式来体现对TNT和4-NP的检测,探针可以在结构相似的硝基芳香化合物中准确的检测出TNT和4-NP,说明探针有很好的选择性。该检测系统可应用于检测TNT和4-NP的蒸汽实验中并具有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性。(3)2,6-吡啶二羧酸功能化的金纳米颗粒(PDCA-GNPs)作为比色探针检测水溶液中的Cr3+,若水溶液中存在Cr3+,比色探针就会与其发生比色响应,从而达到检测Cr3+的目的。通过对比色检测探针灵敏度和选择性的探究,证明该探针具有较高的灵敏度,并且在其他金属离子中具有很好的选择性。检测Cr3+的检测限为2 nM。通过对湖水样品进行模拟检测,证明PDCA-GNPs比色检测探针检测Cr3+具有很好的环境适应性和实用性,有望应用于实际中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the development of information technology, environmental protection, new energy, national defense and biotechnology, researchers have synthesized higher performance materials. Noble metal nanomaterials have many unique physical and chemical properties different from other materials. In optics, electricity, medicine, nanodevices and catalysis and other fields have a good application prospects. Due to the above characteristics, noble metal nanomaterials have been widely concerned and studied by researchers. In this paper, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and rapid method, and their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties were used as a colorimetric detection probe for the detection of heavy metal Cr _ 3. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-functionalized fluorescent gold and silver nanoclusters were used as fluorescent probes to detect nitro-aromatic explosives and to explore the preparation and application of test paper. The specific contents of this study are as follows: (1) BSA Au-NCsof bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a fluorescence probe for the selective detection of 2O4 / 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and p-nitrophenol (4-NPN). The experimental results show that the BSA Au-NCs fluorescence detection probe has high sensitivity. The detection limits of 10nM and 1nM.BSA Au-NCs fluorescence detection probe can accurately detect TNT and 4-NPs in aromatic nitro explosives with similar structure, which indicates that the probe has good selectivity. The system can also be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of TNT and 4-NP in the presence of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and p-nitrophenol (4-NPN). The silver nanoclusters (BSA Ag-NCs) and BSA au Ag-NCs) can be used as fluorescent probes for the detection of TNT and 4-nitrophenol. The detection of TNT and 4-NP by fluorescence quenching showed that the probe could accurately detect TNT and 4-NPs in nitroaromatic compounds with similar structure, which indicated that the probe had good selectivity. The system can be used in steam experiments for the detection of TNT and 4-NP with higher sensitivity and better selectivity. The gold nanoparticles (PDCA-GNPs) can be used as colorimetric probes for the detection of Cr _ 3 in aqueous solution, if there is Cr _ 3 in aqueous solution. The colorimetric probe will react with the colorimetric probe so as to detect Cr 3. By comparing the sensitivity and selectivity of the probe, it is proved that the probe has high sensitivity and good selectivity in other metal ions. The detection limit of Cr3 is 2 nm. It is proved that the PDCA-GNPs colorimetric detection probe has good environmental adaptability and practicability, and is expected to be applied in practice.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1

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