高效阻燃聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 01:32

  本文选题：聚丙烯 + 阻燃性　； 参考：《河北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在聚丙烯(Polypropylene,简称PP)中添加阻燃剂和其他改性剂制备复合材料是扩展其使用功能和适用环境的重要方法。本文针对聚丙烯复合材料难于兼具高阻燃性能与高力学性能的矛盾,采用两种阻燃剂与埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)复配,制备了系列PP复合材料,进行了阻燃改性和增强增韧改性研究,所制备复合材料具有优良的阻燃和力学性能。采用双螺杆挤出机组通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同的PP阻燃复合材料,并进行了极限氧指数、垂直燃烧性能、宏观力学性能测试和界面性能表征,研究了冲击断面和燃烧后的试样内外表面形貌,确定了研究维度内的较优配方,并对材料制备工艺做了简要探讨。本论文主要成果为:1、采用四种环保的阻燃体系对聚丙烯材料进行阻燃改性。结果表明,阻燃剂028A单独使用对聚丙烯材料具有良好的阻燃效果,但对材料的力学性能有相对较大的不良影响;阻燃剂510单独使用对于材料的力学性能有较好的保持效果,但其阻燃性能欠佳。当使用复配阻燃剂028A与510(30%,比例为2:1)时,聚丙烯复合材料在具有良好阻燃性的同时能够保持较好的力学性能,其极限氧指数可以达到31.5%。2、在聚丙烯复合材料中加入少量HNTs可以使复合材料的力学性能得到较大的改善。在本实验中,加入2%的改性HNTs,复合材料的抗冲击韧性较不添加HNTs之前提高了40.2%,拉伸强度提高了63.3%,弯曲强度提高了84.9%。加入少量的改性HNTs在提高了基体的力学性能的同时还小幅度提高了材料的阻燃性能,加入2%的改性HNTs,复合材料的氧指数较未添加之前提高了1.9%,达到32.1%。3、在聚丙烯复合材料中加入POE可以实现对材料的增韧,但是材料的极限氧指数迅速降低;4、复合材料在加工过程中温度不宜超过200℃,各区段以190℃为宜,避免造成阻燃剂分解。
[Abstract]:Adding flame retardant and other modifiers to PP / PP composites is an important method to expand its function and suitable environment. In view of the contradiction between high flame retardancy and high mechanical properties of polypropylene composites, a series of PP composites were prepared by using two kinds of flame retardants and HNTs, and the flame retardant modification and toughening modification were carried out. The composites have excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Different PP flame retardant composites were prepared by melt blending in twin-screw extruder group. The limiting oxygen index, vertical combustion performance, macroscopic mechanical properties and interface properties were measured and characterized. The internal and external surface morphology of the impact section and the sample after combustion were studied, the optimum formulation in the dimension of the study was determined, and the preparation process of the material was briefly discussed. The main achievement of this paper is 1: 1. Four kinds of environmental-friendly flame-retardant systems are used to modify polypropylene materials. The results showed that flame retardant 028A alone had a good flame retardant effect on polypropylene material, but had a relatively large adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the material, and flame retardant 510 alone had a better retention effect on the mechanical properties of the material. But its flame retardancy is not good. When the composite flame retardant 028A was used with the ratio of 2: 1, the polypropylene composite could maintain good mechanical properties while having good flame retardancy. The limit oxygen index can reach 31.5 and 0.2. The mechanical properties of the composites can be improved greatly by adding a small amount of HNTs to polypropylene composites. In this experiment, the impact toughness, tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites increased by 40.2%, 63.3% and 84.9% respectively. The addition of a small amount of modified HNTs not only improved the mechanical properties of the matrix, but also improved the flame retardancy of the materials by a small margin. When 2% of modified HNTs was added, the oxygen index of the composites increased by 1.9%, and reached 32.1%. Poe was added to the polypropylene composites to improve the toughness of the composites. However, the limiting oxygen index of the material decreases rapidly by 4, and the temperature of the composite material should not exceed 200 鈩，

本文编号：2046570