沙柳废纸混合纤维超轻质材料的制备

发布时间：2018-06-30 21:26

本文选题：沙柳纤维 + 废纸纤维　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：植物纤维超轻质材料是一种利用液体机械发泡和无机化学发泡制备的超低密度植物纤维材料,其密度低(0.01g/cm3～0.09g/cm3)、阻燃性好(阻燃等级可达到国家B1级难燃标准)、保温性能优异(导热系数为0.025W/(m·k)-0.037W/(m·k))和吸音降噪性能强(吸音降噪系数为0.62-0.74),可用于缓冲包装材料和建筑保温材料的生产。本文在分析沙柳的纤维结构和化学成分的基础上,将沙柳应用于废纸纤维基轻质材料的性能增强试验,又针对植物纤维超轻质材料发泡质量不好控制、物理力学性能较差、阻燃性低等问题,对废纸纤维处理、沙柳纤维与废纸纤维的质量配比、胶黏剂改性、发泡工艺以及水玻璃凝胶用量等进行了研究。研究结果表明：(1)沙柳纤维参入量为原料纤维总质量的40%时,材料结构和性能较优。此时,材料的密度为17.72 kg·m-3,压缩应力为21.46KPa,静态压缩残余应变为63%,氧指数为22.8%。(2)对废纸纤维进行碱化处理和硼酸溶液浸泡处理,不仅改善了废纸纤维的自身缺陷,而且提高了它的活性,使之更容易与胶黏剂、阻燃剂等化学基团结合,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。以未经过任何处理的混合纤维为原料制备的超轻质材料的氧指数为20.1%,以只经过碱化处理的混合纤维为原料制备的超轻质材料的氧指数为25.4%,以经过碱化处理和硼酸溶液浸泡处理的混合纤维为原料制备的超轻质材料的氧指数为31.3%。(3)对淀粉胶黏剂用PVA.PH为7的硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液进行改性,改性后的混合胶黏剂不仅提高了粘度,也提高了胶黏剂的交联性。使用改性后的胶黏剂制备超轻质材料使材料的抗压缓冲性能和阻燃性能得到增强,使用淀粉胶黏剂的超轻质材料的压缩应力为9.77KPa、氧指数为20.1%,使用淀粉/PVA混合胶黏剂的超轻质材料的压缩应力为39.8KPa、氧指数为25.6%,使用硼酸-硼砂改性淀粉/PVA混合胶黏剂的超轻质材料的压缩应力为81.37KPa、氧指数为32.3%。(4)超轻质材料的较优发泡工艺是起泡剂CH3(CH2)10CH2S03的用量为绝干混合纤维质量的6%、NaHCO3的用量为绝干混合纤维质量的2%、NH4HC03的用量为绝干混合纤维质量的4%、机械发泡转数为15000转。(5)随着水玻璃凝胶用量从0增加到100%,沙柳废纸混合纤维超轻质材料的密度增大了83.06%、压缩应力增大了7.5倍、氧指数增大了11.8%。
[Abstract]:Plant fiber ultra-light material is a kind of ultra-low density plant fiber material which is prepared by liquid mechanical foaming and inorganic chemical foaming. It has low density (0.01g/cm3~0.09g/cm3), good flame retardancy (flame-retardant grade can meet the national b1-class refractory standard), excellent thermal conductivity (0.025W / (m k) -0.037W / (m k) and strong sound absorption and noise reduction (sound-absorbing noise reduction coefficient 0.62-0.74). It can be used for cushioning packaging materials and buildings. The production of insulating materials. On the basis of analyzing the fiber structure and chemical composition of Salix, this paper applied Salix to the performance enhancement test of waste paper fiber based light material, and aimed at the poor foaming quality and poor physical and mechanical properties of plant fiber super light material. The treatment of waste paper fiber, the mass ratio of Salix fiber and waste paper fiber, the modification of adhesive, the foaming process and the dosage of sodium silicate gel were studied. The results showed that: (1) the structure and properties of the materials were better when the total fiber mass was 40%. At this time, the density of the material is 17.72 kg m ~ (-3), the compression stress is 21.46 KPA, the static compressive residual strain is 63 and the oxygen index is 22.8.The (2) Alkalization of waste paper fiber and soaking in boric acid solution can not only improve the defect of waste paper fiber. Moreover, its activity is improved, and it is easier to bind with chemical groups such as adhesives and flame retardants, thus improving the flame retardancy of the materials. The oxygen index of ultra-light materials prepared from raw materials without any treatment is 20.1. the oxygen index of ultra-light materials prepared from alkalized mixed fibers is 25.4g, and that of ultra-light materials prepared by alkalization and boric acid is 25.4. The oxygen index of ultra-light materials prepared by soaking the mixed fibers in solution was 31.30.3.The starch adhesive was modified with boric acid-borax buffer solution with PVA.PH of 7. The modified adhesive not only increases the viscosity, but also improves the crosslinking property of the adhesive. The use of modified adhesives to prepare ultra-light materials enhances the compressive buffering and flame retardancy of the materials. The compression stress and oxygen index of ultra-light material using starch adhesive were 9.77 KPA and 20.1kg. the compression stress of ultra-light material using starch / PVA blend adhesive was 39.8 KPA, the oxygen index was 25.6 and boric acid-borax was used to modify starch / PVA blend adhesive. The compression stress of super light material is 81.37 KPA, and the oxygen index is 32.30.The optimum foaming process is that the amount of foaming agent CH3 (CH2) 10CH2S03 is 6% NaHCO3 of absolute dry mixed fiber mass, and the dosage of 2NH4HC03 of absolute dry mixed fiber mass is absolute dry blending technology. (4) the optimum foaming process of ultra-light material is that the amount of foaming agent CH3 (CH2) 10CH2S03 is 6% of the weight of absolute dry mixed fiber, and the dosage of NaHCO3 is 2NH4HC03. (5) with the increase of the amount of sodium silicate gel from 0 to 100, the density of the super light material of the mixed fiber of Salix waste paper increased by 83.06 and the compression stress increased by 7.5-fold. The oxygen index increased by 11. 8%.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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