酸酐对电气石的表面改性及功能聚合物的制备

发布时间：2018-07-06 12:32

本文选题：电气石 + 复合材料　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电气石拥有良好的热致电性与压敏电性,与空气中水分作用可产生负氧离子,且具有辐射远红外线、较高的表面能与表面活性等特殊功能,被大量应用在水处理、医疗保健、涂料、纤维织物等方面。电气石的表面为亲水表面,且其表面能较高,所以容易大量团聚并且在聚合物中分散性和稳定性较差,严重影响了电气石/聚合物复合材料的力学性能,使其使用性能变差难以在生产生活中得到应用,也难以充分发挥电气石的功能特性。所以电气石亟待改性以提升其利用价值,并且制备具有电气石功能的高分子基复合材料。本文以三种不同的酸酐作为表面改性剂对电气石进行表面改性,将碳碳双键引入电气石表面,得到了可聚合的有机化电气石,然后与乙酸乙烯酯共聚制备了三种含电气石的功能高分子聚合物,并对其结构与性能进行了表征。(1)通过甲基丙烯酸酐对电气石的表面改性,将碳碳双键引入电气石表面,使电气石具备可聚合功能,与乙酸乙烯酯共聚后得到了甲基丙烯酸电气石酯-乙酸乙烯酯功能共聚物,结构分析表明电气石被引入高分链中,这种功能共聚物拉伸强度可达2.5MPa左右,且具备电气石的功能特性。(2)使用十四碳烯琥珀酸酐对电气石进行改性,成功制备了十四碳烯琥珀酸电气石酯,结构表征证明其含有双键基团,可以进行加聚反应,使用十四碳烯琥珀酸电气石酯与乙酸乙烯酯进行共聚,成功制备了十四碳烯琥珀酸电气石酯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。结果表明,电气石成功引入聚合物结构中,表现出良好的分散稳定性;功能聚合物的拉伸强度可达5.5Mpa左右,并具备电气石的特殊功能特性。(3)采用乙酸乙烯酯和顺丁烯二酸酐进行共聚,制备了含有活性基团的功能聚合物,使用制备的功能聚合物与电气石进行反应,将电气石引入功能聚合物的高分子链中,制备了含电气石的功能聚合物。结构分析表明电气石成功引入到功能聚合物的结构中,功能聚合物的负离子释放量高达1300个/cm3以上,远红外辐射率高于0.9,且具有优良的力学性能。比较上述三种酸酐,甲基丙烯酸酐属于短链酸酐,十四碳烯琥珀酸酐属于长链酸酐,顺丁烯二酸酐属于环状酸酐。通过三种功能聚合物的比较可以得知十四碳烯琥珀酸电气石酯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物在分散稳定性和力学性能上的表现更为优异,且具有良好的负离子释放性与远红外辐射性。
[Abstract]:Tourmaline has good thermal conductivity and pressure-sensitive electricity, it can produce negative oxygen ion when it acts with water in air, and it has special functions such as far infrared radiation, high surface energy and surface activity, etc., so it is widely used in water treatment, medical care, etc. Paint, fiber fabrics, etc. The surface of tourmaline is hydrophilic, and its surface energy is high, so it is easy to agglomerate and has poor dispersion and stability in polymer, which seriously affects the mechanical properties of tourmaline / polymer composites. It is difficult to apply in production and life and to give full play to the functional characteristics of tourmaline due to its poor performance. Therefore, tourmaline needs to be modified to improve its utilization value, and to prepare polymer matrix composites with tourmaline function. In this paper, three different kinds of anhydride were used as surface modifiers to modify the surface of tourmaline, and the carbon-carbon double bond was introduced into the surface of tourmaline to obtain polymerizable organic tourmaline. Then three kinds of functional polymer containing tourmaline were prepared by copolymerization with ethylene acetate. The structure and properties of the polymer were characterized. (1) the carbon-carbon double bond was introduced into the tourmaline surface by the surface modification of methacrylic anhydride. The functional copolymers of tourmaline methacrylate and vinyl acetate were obtained by copolymerization of tourmaline with ethylene acetate. The structure analysis showed that tourmaline was introduced into high chain. The tensile strength of the functional copolymers can reach about 2.5 MPA and possess the functional properties of tourmaline. (2) Tetradecene succinic anhydride was used to modify the tourmaline, and the tetradecene succinate tourmaline ester was successfully prepared. The structure characterization showed that the copolymer contained double bond group and could be polymerized. The copolymer of tetradecene succinate tourmaline ester and ethylene acetate was successfully prepared by copolymerization of tetradecene succinate tourmaline ester and ethylene acetate. The results showed that tourmaline was successfully introduced into polymer structure and showed good dispersion stability, and the tensile strength of functional polymer was about 5.5 MPA. The functional polymers containing active groups were prepared by copolymerization of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride, and the prepared functional polymers reacted with tourmaline. Tourmaline-containing functional polymer was prepared by introducing tourmaline into the polymer chain. The structure analysis shows that tourmaline is successfully introduced into the structure of functional polymers. The anion emission of functional polymers is more than 1 300 / cm3 and the far infrared emissivity is higher than 0. 9 and has excellent mechanical properties. Compared with the above three anhydride, methacrylic anhydride belongs to short chain acid anhydride, tetradecene succinic anhydride belongs to long chain acid anhydride, maleic anhydride belongs to cyclic anhydride. The comparison of the three functional polymers shows that the copolymer of tourmaline succinate tetradecene succinate and vinyl acetate has better dispersion stability and mechanical properties, and has good negative ion release and far infrared radiation.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

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