氧化镓纳米柱状结构的制备及表征

发布时间：2018-07-07 23:33

本文选题：纳米科技 + 纳米材料　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代,一种多学科交叉的高新技术——纳米科技诞生了,它研究的范围是纳米尺度(1-100nm),研究对象包括物质分子或原子的特性和相互作用。科学家们通过研究这种特性及其相互作用,利用先进的纳米高科技设备,可以制造人们需要的具有某一特定功能的产品,从而造福人类。在纳米科技领域,纳米科技的发展离不开纳米材料的支撑,尤其是纳米材料的制备技术、测试和表征及其相关的应用。纳米材料是20世纪末在材料科学领域发展起来的一个新兴的研究方向,纳米材料是指构成材料的基本单元至少有一维在1-100nm的尺寸(即纳米尺度)范围内,如果空间三维都在纳米尺度,就是零维纳米材料;有两维处于纳米尺度,则是一维纳米材料;三维空间中仅有一维在纳米尺度,叫做二维纳米材料;如果是由以上纳米材料构成的复合材料,就是三维纳米材料。由于纳米材料新颖独特的结构特点,表现出一些新奇的特性,比如导电性好、比表面积大、催化活性强、硬度高等,因此纳米材料受到科学家和科研工作者的极大关注。本文中采用两种不同的原料分别是氧化镓(Ga2O3)和碳(C)的混合粉末、单质镓和氧化镓粉末的混合物,利用简单的热蒸发法在1300℃高温下保温一定的时间,在镀金硅片上分别得到了氧化镓(Ga2O3)纳米棒和芯壳结构的Ga2O3-Si Ox纳米同轴电缆,并用多种检测手段对样品的形貌、成分和结构进行了测试和分析。主要内容有:(1)利用热蒸发法,以氧化镓和碳的混合粉末为原料,镀金Si(111)片为基底,在1300℃高温下恒温加热30min和60min,制备出了氧化镓(Ga2O3)纳米棒状结构,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品形貌和成分进行分析,通过X射线衍射(XRD)等对样品结构进行了测试。SEM检测表明实验合成了大量的纳米棒状结构,保温30min得到的纳米棒直径在微米量级,而保温60min得到的纳米棒的直径在400-600nm,同时EDS图谱说明样品很可能是氧化镓(Ga2O3),通过X射线衍射(XRD)检测确定了样品是单斜晶系的β-Ga2O3,其生长遵循气-液-固(即VLS)生长机理,在纳米结构形成过程中,中间产物Ga2O(一氧化二镓,也称氧化亚镓)起关键作用。(2)利用热蒸发法,以单质镓和氧化镓粉末的混合物为原料,在1300℃温度下对混合物恒温加热不同的时间,在硅基底上制备出了一种特殊的纳米同轴电缆结构,该样品的形貌和成分用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行检测,结构通过XRD进行了分析。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像表明该实验制备得到了大量的直径在100-400nm的纳米结构,而且不同的恒温加热时间会对样品的形貌和结构有显著的影响,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能量色散X射线能谱仪(EDS)检测确定了这种核壳结构,即外部的Si Ox壳包裹着内部的氧化镓(Ga2O3)纳米线,其可能的生长机理:在氧化镓(Ga2O3)纳米线生长的初期以合金液滴指引的VLS生长机理为主,当Si基底表面覆盖一层纳米材料后,以结构缺陷引导的VS生长机理在之后的纳米结构的形成过程中起主要作用,而Si Ox外壳是以氧化镓(Ga2O3)纳米线为模板形成的。
[Abstract]:In 1990s, a multidisciplinary high technology, nanoscale technology, was born. It was studied in the scope of 1-100nm, which includes the properties and interactions of material molecules or atoms. By studying the properties and interactions, scientists can make use of advanced nanotechnology equipment to make people. In the field of nanotechnology, the development of nanotechnology is inseparable from the support of nanomaterials, especially the preparation of nanomaterials, testing and characterization and their related applications. Nanomaterials are a new research direction in the field of material science at the end of the twentieth Century. Nanomaterials are the basic units of the material that have at least one dimension in the size of 1-100nm (i.e., nanoscale), if the three-dimensional space is in the nanoscale, the nanoscale is zero dimensional nanomaterials; the two dimension is in the nanoscale, it is one dimensional nanomaterial; in the three-dimensional space, only one dimension at the nanoscale is called the two-dimensional nanomaterial; if it is The composite materials consisting of the above nanomaterials are three dimensional nanomaterials. Due to the unique and unique structural characteristics of the nanomaterials, some novel properties are shown, such as good conductivity, large surface area, strong catalytic activity, and high hardness. Therefore, nanomaterials are paid great attention by scientists and researchers. Two kinds of materials are used in this paper. Different raw materials are mixed powder of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and carbon (C), the mixture of gallium and gallium oxide powder, heat preservation for a certain time at 1300 centigrade temperature by simple thermal evaporation. The Ga2O3-Si Ox nano coaxial cable of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods and core shell structure is obtained on gold plated silicon wafers, and a variety of detection is used. The morphology, composition and structure of the samples were tested and analyzed. The main contents were as follows: (1) using the thermal evaporation method, the mixed powder of gallium oxide and carbon was used as the raw material, the gold plated Si (111) was the substrate, the 30min and 60min were heated at a constant temperature at 1300 C, and the nanoscale bar like structure of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) was prepared, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The sample morphology and composition were analyzed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The sample structure was tested by X ray diffraction (XRD) and.SEM test showed that a large number of nano rod like structures were synthesized. The diameter of nanorods obtained by thermal insulation 30min was in the order of micron, and the diameter of the nanorods obtained by the temperature preserving 60min was in 400-600nm, and the EDS diagram was also shown. The sample is very likely to be gallium oxide (Ga2O3). By X ray diffraction (XRD) detection, the sample is a monoclinic beta -Ga2O3, and its growth follows the growth mechanism of gas liquid solid (VLS). In the formation of nanoscale, the intermediate product Ga2O (two gallium oxide, also known as gallium oxide) plays a key role. (2) using thermal evaporation method, single gallium and gallium. The mixture of gallium oxide powder was used as the raw material. A special nano coaxial cable structure was prepared on the silicon substrate at a temperature of 1300 C at a temperature of 1300. The morphology and composition of the sample were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The structure was analyzed by XRD. The electron microscope (SEM) image shows that a large number of nanostructures with a diameter of 100-400nm have been prepared by the experiment, and the different heating time of the constant temperature will have a significant influence on the morphology and structure of the sample. The nuclear shell junction is determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X ray spectrometer (EDS). Structure, the external Si Ox shell is wrapped with internal gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowires, and its possible growth mechanism: the VLS growth mechanism guided by droplets of alloy droplets at the initial stage of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowire growth. When the surface of the Si substrate is covered with a layer of nanomaterial, the formation of VS growth mechanism guided by structural defects is formed after the formation of nanomaterials. The Si Ox shell is formed on the template of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowire.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O614.371;TB383.1

【参考文献】