固体废弃物为原料制备无机多孔材料（膜）及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 15:54

本文选题：废玻璃 + 煤矸石　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文分别使用废玻璃、煤矸石、粉煤灰以及气化渣为原料,加入一定量的粘结剂和造孔剂经模压或挤出成型后烧结制备出相应的无机多孔材料,并使用一系列测试手段对样品的物相组成、孔隙率、抗弯强度、孔径分布以及显微形貌等进行表征,所得多孔陶瓷材料可应用于水处理和空气净化,既消耗了固体废弃物,又降低了环保工艺成本,具有一定的科学意义和工程价值。使用纯玻璃粉末低温烧结制备出多孔玻璃。保温时间为30main时,当温度从640℃提高到670℃,多孔玻璃的开孔率从37.4%下降到29.4%,同时抗弯强度从2.5MPa提高到12.8MPa,平均孔径先增大后减小。在相同烧结温度下,多孔玻璃的孔隙率随着造孔剂含量的提高而增大,然而过多的淀粉含量(16%wt)会对其强度有不利影响。多孔玻璃适宜的烧结温度区间很窄,670℃下烧结30min、造孔剂含量8%的样品具有较佳的机械性能,平均孔径10.70μm,氮气通量和水通量分别为13600m3m-2h-1lbar-1和693.4m3m-2h-1bar-1,具有较好的渗透性。以废玻璃和淮南顾桥煤矿煤矸石为主要原料在950℃到1100℃下烧结3h制备出具有较高孔隙率、强度以及渗透性的多孔陶瓷,该多孔陶瓷的平均孔径为2μm左右,主相为石英和鳞石英。当样品的玻璃含量为20%时,随着烧结温度的提高,多孔陶瓷的孔隙率从45.3%下降到32.9%,而抗弯强度则从5.99MPa提升至20.42MPa,平均孔径及氮气通量先减小后增大。玻璃含量对样品的性能也具有很大影响,1050℃下烧结的样品,当玻璃含量从0增加到30%时,其孔隙率从46.0%下降到22.4%,同时抗弯强度从9.15MPa提高到21.6MPa,平均孔径和氮气通量均为先增加后减小,玻璃含量为10%的样品渗透性能最佳,平均氮气通量为4131m3m-2h-lbar-1。采用神华集团产出的气化渣制备多孔陶瓷,当烧结温度从1000℃提高到1200℃时,其孔隙率的总体趋势为减小,抗弯强度相应增大,平均孔径和氮气通量也随温度的上升逐步提高,但在1150℃时产生了反致密化的烧结过程,导致多孔陶瓷的孔隙率升高,抗弯强度减小。1200℃下烧结的样品的孔隙率和抗弯强度分别为39.2%和13.17MPa,平均孔径为8.371μm,氮气通量可达23000m3m-2h-1bar-1。使用粉煤灰为原料制备多孔陶瓷,随着烧结温度从1100℃上升到1300℃,其孔隙率先增大后减小,其中在1300℃下最低,但仍达47.1%,抗弯强度也随温度的上升逐步提高,1300℃下达到14.84MPa,样品的平均孔径从1100℃下的2.03μm逐步增加到1300℃下的5.28μm,气通量在低于1250℃时逐步上升,在1300℃时有所下降,平均氮气通量为4295m3m-2h-lbar-1。论文还对粉煤灰多孔陶瓷19通道膜管的实际制作进行了研究,制备出的陶瓷膜管收缩变形量较小,强度较高,适于用作陶瓷滤膜的支撑体。
[Abstract]:In this paper, waste glass, coal gangue, fly ash and gasification slag are used as raw materials, and some inorganic porous materials are prepared by adding a certain amount of binder and pore forming agent after molding or extruding, and a series of testing methods are used to make the composition of the samples, porosity, bending strength, pore size distribution and microscopic morphology. The porous ceramic material can be used in water treatment and air purification. It not only consumes solid waste, but also reduces the cost of environmental technology. It has a certain scientific significance and engineering value. The porous glass is prepared by low temperature sintering of pure glass powder. When the temperature is 30main, the porous glass is raised from 640 to 670. The opening rate decreased from 37.4% to 29.4%, while the bending strength increased from 2.5MPa to 12.8MPa, the average pore size increased first and then decreased. At the same sintering temperature, the porosity of porous glass increased with the increase of pore forming agent content. However, excessive starch content (16%wt) would have adverse effects on its strength. It is very narrow and sintered at 670 C for 30min. The sample with 8% of pore making agent has better mechanical properties, the average pore diameter is 10.70 mu m, nitrogen flux and water flux are 13600m3m-2h-1lbar-1 and 693.4m3m-2h-1bar-1, respectively. The waste glass and Huainan Gu Qiao coal mine coal gangue as the main raw materials are sintered at 950 to 1100 centigrade for 3h preparation The pore size of porous ceramics with high porosity, strength and permeability is about 2 m. The main phase is quartz and quartz. When the glass content of the sample is 20%, the porosity of porous ceramics decreases from 45.3% to 32.9% with the increase of the sintering temperature, while the bending strength increases from 5.99MPa to 20.42MPa. The diameter and nitrogen flux decreased first and then increased. The glass content also had a great influence on the performance of the sample. When the glass content was increased from 0 to 30% at 1050, the porosity of the sample decreased from 46% to 22.4%, and the bending strength increased from 9.15MPa to 21.6MPa. The average pore size and nitrogen flux were increased first and then decreased, and the glass content was 10. The permeability of% sample is the best. The average nitrogen flux is 4131m3m-2h-lbar-1. using the gasification slag produced by Shenhua Group. When the sintering temperature is increased from 1000 to 1200, the overall trend of the porosity is decreased, the bending strength is increased, the average pore size and nitrogen flux are increased gradually with the increase of temperature, but at 11. The porosity of porous ceramics is increased at 50 C and the porosity of porous ceramics is increased. The porosity and bending strength of the sintered samples at.1200 C are 39.2% and 13.17MPa respectively, the average pore size is 8.371 mu m. The nitrogen flux can reach 23000m3m-2h-1bar-1. using fly ash as raw material to prepare porous ceramics. The porosity increased from 1100 C to 1300 C, and the porosity was first increased and then decreased, which was lowest at 1300, but still reached 47.1%. The bending strength increased gradually with the increase of temperature and reached 14.84MPa at 1300 degrees C. The average pore size of the sample increased from 2.03 to 1300 at 1100 C to 5.28 u m at 1300 degrees C, and the gas flux increased gradually at below 1250 C, at 13. At 00 C, the average nitrogen flux is 4295m3m-2h-lbar-1., and the actual production of the 19 channel membrane tube of the fly ash porous ceramics is also studied. The prepared ceramic tube has smaller shrinkage deformation and higher strength, which is suitable for the ceramic filter membrane support.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.4

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