氧化锌纳米粒子的制备及应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 16:10

本文选题：纳米材料 + 溶液化学法　；参考：《沈阳工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：纳米氧化锌作为一种高性能半导体材料由于其具有独特的小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和介电限域效应，因此在抗菌材料、发光材料、压电材料、紫外线屏蔽材料、自清洁材料、细胞标定材料及纳米催化剂等领域有着十分广泛的应用前景。氧化锌纳米粒子所具有的特性与其自身的物理特征有较为紧密的关系。如何选择合适的表面修饰剂，通过溶液化学方法制备尺寸和形貌可控的纳米氧化锌材料，同时满足制备过程的环境友好和低成本化，是目前纳米氧化锌材料研究的热点问题之一。本文通过调控表面修饰剂种类、反应时间、反应温度、反应体系含水量及表面修饰用量等制备条件，得到具有不同特性的氧化锌纳米材料，并对其应用进行初步探究。采用溶液化学法，以乙酸锌水溶液为前驱物，分别以羟基化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS-OH）、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（PSMA）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为表面修饰剂，N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）表面修饰剂，乙醇为溶剂，制得具有不同发光特性的氧化锌纳米粒子。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、荧光光谱（FL）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等方法对所得到的氧化锌纳米粒子样品进行表征。结果表明，所合成样品均表现出明显的量子尺寸效应，且具有较好的光学性质。以油酸钠为表面修饰剂，乙酸锌水溶液为前驱物，乙醇为溶剂，通过调控表面修饰剂油酸钠与前驱物乙酸锌摩尔比得到不同尺寸的氧化锌纳米粒子。在一定条件下将氧化锌纳米粒子进行进一步煅烧，可制得氧化锌纳米线。通过加入另一种前驱体硝酸银，制备氧化锌/银复合纳米粒子。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、荧光光谱（FL）、广角X-射线衍射（WAXD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法对氧化锌纳米材料进行表征。研究发现，反应体系中乙醇溶剂可循环利用且不影响制备过程，实现了制备过程的低成本化和环境友好。以对苯二甲酸和乙二醇为原料，采用“原位聚合”的工艺路线，在3L熔融缩聚反应釜中，，制备得到了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）/纳米氧化锌复合材料，差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测试结果表明纳米氧化锌可以提高PET的结晶能力。
[Abstract]:Nanocrystalline zinc oxide is a high performance semiconductor material due to its unique small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and dielectric limiting effect, therefore in antibacterial materials, luminescent materials, piezoelectric materials, Ultraviolet shielding materials, self-cleaning materials, cell calibration materials and nanometer catalysts have a wide range of applications. The properties of ZnO nanoparticles are closely related to their physical properties. How to select suitable surface modifier and prepare nano-ZnO materials with controllable size and morphology by solution chemical method, and satisfy the environmental friendly and low-cost preparation process. It is one of the hot issues in the research of nanometer ZnO materials. In this paper, ZnO nanomaterials with different properties were obtained by adjusting the preparation conditions of surface modifiers, reaction time, reaction temperature, water content of reaction system and surface modification amount. By solution chemistry, zinc acetate aqueous solution was used as precursor. Hydroxylated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS-OH), styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (PSMA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as surface modifiers, respectively. Zinc oxide nanoparticles with different luminescence properties were prepared by using ethanol as solvent. The ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the synthesized samples exhibit obvious quantum size effect and good optical properties. Using sodium oleate as surface modifier, zinc acetate aqueous solution as precursor and ethanol as solvent, different sizes of zinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained by adjusting the molar ratio of sodium oleate to zinc acetate. Zinc oxide nanowires can be prepared by further calcination of ZnO nanoparticles under certain conditions. Zinc oxide / silver composite nanoparticles were prepared by adding another precursor silver nitrate. ZnO nanomaterials were characterized by UV-Vis, FL, WAXD and SEM. It is found that ethanol solvent in the reaction system can be recycled and does not affect the preparation process, which can achieve low cost and environmental friendliness. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) / nano-zinc oxide composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol in a 3L melt Polycondensation reactor. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that nano-ZnO can improve the crystallization ability of PET.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.241

【参考文献】