纳米金属颗粒在离子液体及聚合物基体中的均匀分散体系研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:45

【摘要】：高分子纳米复合材料是将纳米材料均匀地分散到聚合物高分子基体中,制得的一相含有纳米材料的复合体系。纳米粒子由于高比表面积,具有很高的表面能,使得它处于能量很不稳定的状态,因此纳米粒子非常容易团聚。由于团聚而形成的二次粒子,它的粒子粒径变大,就会失去纳米颗粒所具备的各种特殊性质,给纳米粒子在制备、保存以及使用过程中带来了很大的困难。本论文针对制备高分子纳米复合薄膜存在的分散困难的技术现状,就纳米粒子、离子液和高分子的复合开展了基础研究。本论文开展了以下三个方面的研究工作。1.纳米粒子在离子液体中的分散实验及其机理研究。研究了多种纳米粉在[emim]BF4中分散实验,用FT-IR和UV-vis分析了纳米Cu含量对分散效果的影响。利用紫外、红外、薄层色谱、透射电镜、以及扫描电镜表征了[emim]BF4与纳米铜超声得到的分散系。2.以PMMA与PS为基底的聚合物纳米复合薄膜的制备研究。分别以PMMA与PS高分子为基底,分散有纳米铜的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液为添加剂,制成新型的高分子复合薄膜。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜分析了其分散效果;通过紫外、电导率以及热重等,分析了复合薄膜的光学、电学特性以及热稳定性。3.基于PMMS的高分子纳米复合薄膜的制备研究。本文选用分子链上富含巯基的聚巯基丙基甲基硅氧烷为基底,咪唑翁盐类的离子液体来分散纳米银,经紫外光固化交联法制备聚合物基底的PMMS/AAIM/Nano Ag复合膜。本研究采用FT-IR红外光谱表征AAIm-Ag间的作用力,通过热重分析表征高分子复合膜的热稳定性。本研究根据实验分析结果提出了配位作用机理,此机理不仅能很好地解释纳米铜与[emim]BF4离子液间的作用,并且在PMMA、PS、以及PMMS为高分子基体的高分子纳米复合薄膜的制备研究中得到很好的验证,有效解决了高分子纳米复合过程中的团聚问题,提高了复合薄膜导电性和热稳定性,拓展了PMMA和PS对紫外的吸收能力和紫外光谱宽度。
[Abstract]:Polymer nanocomposite is a kind of composite system which can disperse nano-materials into polymer matrix uniformly and make a phase containing nano-materials. Because of its high specific surface area and high surface energy, nanoparticles are in a very unstable state of energy, so the nanoparticles are easy to reunite. Because of the agglomeration of the secondary particles, its particle size becomes larger, it will lose the special properties of the nanoparticles, which brings great difficulties in the preparation, preservation and use of nanoparticles. In this paper, the basic research on the composite of nano-particles, ionic liquid and polymer was carried out in view of the difficult technology of preparing polymer nanocomposite thin films. This thesis has carried out the following three aspects of research work. 1. Dispersion of nanoparticles in ionic liquids and its mechanism. The dispersion experiments of various nano-powders in [emim] BF4 were studied. The effect of nano-Cu content on dispersion effect was analyzed by FT-IR and UV-vis. The dispersion system of [emim] BF4 and nano-copper was characterized by UV, IR, TLC, TEM and SEM. Study on the preparation of Polymer Nanocomposite Films based on PMMA and PS. A novel polymer composite film was prepared by using PMMA and PS polymers as substrates and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic solution dispersed with nano-copper as additives. The dispersion effect was analyzed by IR, SEM, and the optical, electrical properties and thermal stability of the composite films were analyzed by UV, conductivity and thermogravimetry. Preparation of polymer nanocomposite films based on PMMS. In this paper, PMMS/AAIM/Nano Ag composite films on polymer substrates were prepared by UV curing crosslinking method, using polymercapto propylmethylsiloxane rich in sulfhydryl groups as the substrate and imidazolium salts ionic liquids to disperse silver nanoparticles. In this study, FT-IR infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the interaction force between AAIm-Ag and thermogravimetric analysis to characterize the thermal stability of polymer composite film. Based on the experimental results, the coordination mechanism is proposed, which can not only explain the interaction between nano-copper and [emim] BF4 ion liquid, but also explain the interaction between copper nanoparticles and [emim] BF4 ionomer. It is well verified in the preparation of PMMA-PSand PMMS nanocomposite films, which can effectively solve the agglomeration problem and improve the conductivity and thermal stability of the composite films. The UV absorption ability and UV spectrum width of PMMA and PS were expanded.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB383.1;TB33

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