可生物降解抗污材料

发布时间：2018-07-29 14:44

【摘要】：研究和开发抗生物污染材料,降低蛋白质的非特异性吸附和微生物的附着生长,不仅可以大大提高仪器的灵敏度,降低植入材料在愈合过程中的副作用,如炎症和血栓等,还可以节省很多航海时所需的能源和动力。目前抗污染材料多为亲水性的聚乙烯醇、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(2-口恶唑啉)、聚乙二醇和两性离子聚合物。虽然这些材料抗污染能力强,但是分子链大多为聚丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酰胺,不具有可生物降解性。可生物降解抗污材料可通过将抗污功能分子引入到可生物降解的基质分子(如脂肪族聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚多肽和多糖等)中得到。本文综述了可生物降解抗污材料的研究进展,首先介绍了生物污染的危害,抗生物污染材料的分类、特征和存在的问题。重点综述了可生物降解抗污材料的研究现状,从亲水性聚合物(如聚乙二醇、两性离子聚合物)和抗污剂具体阐述了可降解抗污材料的抗污机理、合成、结构和性能,并对可生物降解抗污材料的未来发展进行了展望。
[Abstract]:The research and development of anti-fouling materials to reduce the non-specific adsorption of proteins and the adhesion and growth of microbes can not only greatly improve the sensitivity of the instrument, but also reduce the side effects of the implants during the healing process, such as inflammation and thrombosis, etc. It can also save a lot of energy and power when sailing. At present, most antipollution materials are hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone), poly (2-oxazoline), polyethylene glycol and amphoteric ionic polymer. Although these materials have strong resistance to pollution, most of the molecular chains are polyacrylate or polyacrylamide, which is not biodegradable. Biodegradable antifouling materials can be obtained by introducing antifouling functional molecules into biodegradable matrix molecules such as aliphatic polyester polycarbonate polypeptides and polysaccharides. In this paper, the research progress of biodegradable antifouling materials is reviewed. Firstly, the harm of biological pollution, classification, characteristics and existing problems of biodegradable antifouling materials are introduced. The research status of biodegradable antifouling materials is reviewed in this paper. The antifouling mechanism, synthesis, structure and properties of biodegradable antifouling materials are described in detail from hydrophilic polymers (such as polyethylene glycol, amphoteric ionic polymers) and antifouling agents. The future development of biodegradable antifouling materials is prospected.
【作者单位】：中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21574137,51373186)资助~~
【分类号】：TB34

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