表面预处理钢纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料技术及机理研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 20:11

【摘要】：树脂矿物复合材料是以天然花岗岩颗粒为骨料,以有机树脂为粘结剂形成的新型复合材料,具有良好的复杂外形成型能力和精度、优良的阻尼减振性和热稳定性以及耐腐蚀性等,适用于制造高速和精密加工机床、激光、电子、医疗设备等的床身、底座、工作台、立柱等基础件。虽然树脂矿物复合材料具有诸多优良特性,但其力学性能较差,很大程度上限制了其在工业生产中的广泛应用。本文通过添加钢纤维作为增强相制备钢纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料,提高树脂矿物复合材料的抗弯强度和抗压强度。研究不同表面预处理方法对界面粘接强度的影响,探索影响树脂矿物复合材料界面粘接强度及力学性能的主要因素,为树脂矿物复合材料在机床床身等机械基础件的应用奠定了基础。根据不同化学物质的组分特性和工业生产要求,优选出组成纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的树脂、固化剂、稀释剂、骨料、填料和增强纤维等各组分。参照现有成熟的复合材料制备经验,结合工艺试验结果,优化钢纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的制备流程。在钢纤维表面预处理机理研究的基础上,试验研究不同表面预处理方法对钢纤维表面理化性能的影响。接触角试验结果表明,四种表面预处理后的金属试样表面自由能较未处理的金属试样均有不同程度的提高,其中,氧化处理后的金属试样表面自由能最大,提高了82.3%,偶联次之。表面自由能增大提高了金属表面的浸润能力,有利于环氧树脂在其表面浸润和铺展。单纤维拉拔试验结果表明,经不同表面预处理后的钢纤维与树脂基体的粘结强度较未处理前均有不同程度的提高,其中,经偶联处理的钢纤维由于表面自由能提高,以及与环氧树脂间形成互穿或半互穿网络界面层的双重效果,界面粘结强度最大,与未处理的钢纤维相比提高了45.1%。结合钢纤维抗拉强度试验和单纤维拉拔试验,在纤维最大脱粘力与纤维拉断时所能承受的最大力相等时,推导得出增强纤维的临界长度公式,为钢纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的应用奠定了基础。添加钢纤维可以有效改善树脂矿物复合材料的力学性能,抗弯强度和抗压强度分别提高17.9%和8.2%。钢纤维有效改善了树脂矿物复合材料在受到荷载初期裂纹急剧扩展的现象,并且在荷载末期钢纤维与基体脱粘拔出过程吸收能量,材料呈现良好的塑形,具有裂而不断的特性。表面预处理对钢纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料抗弯性能的改善作用明显,对抗压强度影响较小,四种表面预处理方法中偶联处理效果最佳,复合材料的抗弯强度提高33.4%。
[Abstract]:Resin mineral composite is a new type of composite material made of natural granite particles and organic resin as binder. It has good complex shape forming ability and precision, excellent damping damping, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing high speed and precision machine tools, laser, electronics, medical equipment and so on. Although the resin mineral composite material has many excellent properties, the mechanical properties of the resin mineral composite material are poor, which greatly limits its wide application in industrial production. In this paper, steel fiber reinforced resin mineral composite material was prepared by adding steel fiber as an enhanced phase, and the mineral composition of the resin was improved. The bending strength and compressive strength of the material are studied. The influence of the different surface pretreatment methods on the bonding strength of the interface is studied. The main factors affecting the interfacial bonding strength and mechanical properties of the resin mineral composite materials are explored, which lays the foundation for the application of the resin mineral composite material in the machine tool bed, such as the machine tool bed. Component characteristics and industrial production requirements, select the components of the resin, curing agent, diluent, aggregate, filler and reinforced fiber, which make up the fiber reinforced resin mineral composites. The preparation process of the steel fiber reinforced resin mineral composite is optimized with reference to the existing experience in the preparation of the existing mature composite materials and the process test results. On the basis of the study of the mechanism of surface pretreatment, the effects of different surface pretreatment methods on the physical and chemical properties of the steel fiber surface were tested. The contact angle test results showed that the surface free energy of the four kinds of surface pretreated metal samples was improved to some extent than that of the untreated metal samples, among them, the metal sample sheet after oxidation treatment was used. The maximum surface free energy is increased by 82.3% and coupling time. The increase of surface free energy increases the infiltration capacity of the metal surface, which is beneficial to the infiltration and spreading of the epoxy resin on its surface. The results of single fiber drawing test show that the bond strength of the steel fiber and the resin matrix after the different surface pretreatment has been improved to a different degree than that before the treatment. In addition, the coupling treatment of steel fiber, due to the increase of surface free energy, and the double effect of interpenetrating or semi interpenetrating network interface between the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin, has the greatest bonding strength. Compared with the untreated steel fiber, the tensile strength test and single fiber drawing test of 45.1%. bonded steel fibers have been improved. When the maximum force that the fiber can withstand is equal, the formula of the critical length of the reinforced fiber is derived, which lays the foundation for the application of the steel fiber reinforced resin mineral composite material. The addition of steel fiber can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the resin mineral composites, and the bending strength and compressive strength are increased by 17.9% and 8.2%. steel fibers respectively. It improves the phenomenon that the resin mineral composites expand rapidly at the initial stage of loading, and absorbs energy at the end of the load at the end of the load. The material exhibits good shape and has a crack and continuous characteristic. The improvement of the bending property of the steel fiber reinforced tree fat mineral composites by surface pretreatment is clear. The results show that the effect of coupling treatment is the best among the four surface pretreatment methods, and the bending strength of the composite is increased by 33.4%.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ327;TB33

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