改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂增强粘胶纤维的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 11:45

【摘要】：粘胶纤维是一种天然可再生材料,原料来源广泛,具有吸湿性好、穿着舒适、可纺性优良的特点,被广泛运用于各类内衣、纺织用品、服装服饰等。但普通粘胶纤维强度相对较低,湿态时被水溶胀,强度下降明显,尺寸稳定性和耐磨性较差,影响织物的服用性能。因此,制备出具有高强度、高模量,尺寸稳定好,耐磨性优良的粘胶纤维新品种,是粘胶纤维发展的重要方向。三聚氰胺甲醛树脂是长久以来的纸张湿强剂,具有在酸性条件下迅速交联成型的特性。本文在三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的合成过程中引入了柔性链段或带有苯环的链段,改善了树脂的韧性,同时制备出了具有一定粘度和一定分子量的改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。将改性后的树脂与粘胶溶液进行共混纺丝,成功制备出粘胶纤维样品。首先,为了合成稳定性好、粘度适中的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,对合成工艺条件进行了分析探讨。结果表明:三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛、甲醛溶液的摩尔比为1:2.5:0.5,反应过程中pH值控制在7.5,合成过程中的反应温度应控制在80℃,最终制备的树脂粘度低于150mPa·s,稳定性大于72h。其次,分别选用对苯二胺、戊二醛和对苯二甲醛对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂进行改性,提高三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的稳定性的同时,改善了其韧性,并对改性剂的添加量进行了探讨。结果表明:对苯二胺的添加量为树脂的2%,对苯二甲醛的添加量为树脂的2%,戊二醛的添加量是按与三聚氰胺的摩尔比为1:1来添加。最后,制备粘胶纤维样品。将改性后的树脂与粘胶溶液共混,采用常规纺丝工艺,制备出粘胶纤维样品,并对其进行了测试分析。结果表明:对苯二胺改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂与粘胶溶液共混后制备的纤维断裂强度增加了 0.30 cN/dTex;戊二醛改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂与粘胶溶液共混后制备的纤维断裂强度增加了0.98 cN/dTex;对苯二甲醛改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂与粘胶溶液共混后制备的纤维断裂强度增加了 0.50 cN/dTex。纤维的强度均有较大幅度的提高。
[Abstract]:Viscose fiber is a kind of natural renewable material, which is widely used in underwear, textile products, clothing and apparel because of its wide source of raw materials, good hygroscopicity, comfortable wearing and excellent spinnability. Therefore, the preparation of new viscose fibers with high strength, high modulus, good dimensional stability and excellent wear resistance is an important direction for the development of viscose fibers. The flexibility of the resin was improved by introducing a flexible segment or a chain segment with a benzene ring. At the same time, a modified melamine formaldehyde resin with a certain viscosity and a certain molecular weight was prepared. The results showed that the molar ratio of melamine, paraformaldehyde and formaldehyde solution was 1:2.5:0.5, the pH value was controlled at 7.5, the reaction temperature should be controlled at 80 C, and the viscosity of the resin was lower than 150 mPa s. Secondly, melamine formaldehyde resin was modified with p-phenylenediamine, glutaraldehyde and terephthalaldehyde respectively to improve the stability and toughness of melamine formaldehyde resin, and the addition of modifier was discussed. The amount of glutaraldehyde is 2% of the resin and the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to melamine is 1:1. Finally, the viscose fiber sample is prepared. The modified resin is blended with the viscose solution, and the viscose fiber sample is prepared by conventional spinning process. The results show that the melamine formaldehyde tree modified by p-phenylenediamine is tested and analyzed. The breaking strength of the fiber prepared by blending fat with viscose solution increased by 0.30 cN/dTex; the fiber prepared by blending glutaraldehyde modified melamine formaldehyde resin with viscose solution increased by 0.98 cN/dTex; the fiber prepared by blending terephthalaldehyde modified melamine formaldehyde resin with viscose solution increased by 0.50%. The strength of cN/dTex. fiber has been greatly improved.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ341.1;TB332

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