兼具电磁屏蔽与声隐身功能的柔性复合阳极材料
发布时间：2018-08-27 06:06
【摘要】：钢材腐蚀是造成大规模基础设施耐久性严重劣化的主要原因,强制电流阴极防护是目前能够主动控制金属材料腐蚀的重要措施,阴极腐蚀防护系统中阳极材料的老化严重影响腐蚀防护效果,此外重要民用设施和特殊军事工程迫切需要发展具有电磁和声隐身性能的阴极腐蚀控制系统。为此,本文研制了电子与离子共导电、电磁屏蔽与声隐身的柔性多功能复合阳极材料。首先,根据柔性、分散均匀性和成型难易程度指标,确定出基体中成分A和B的5种理想配比。进而对5种所确定的基体复合材料进行了拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明基体材料的极限拉伸率高达88%,表明材料有优异的拉伸性能。极限拉应力受成分A和B两者掺量影响,两者用量越接近极限拉应力值越大,当用量相同时(即配比为10:4:4),极限拉应力最大为2.16 k Pa。利用数字图像相关法得到材料受压时的应力与应变关系曲线,随着应变的增加,应力与应变的比值逐渐减小,蠕变明显。A和B用量相等时,两者之间的粘结作用较好,对基体材料性能的提高有较大的贡献。其次,对复合材料的离子导电性进行了测试。利用A的空间网状和B的层间结构,基于混凝土电通量测试原理,采用饱水的砂浆板作为对比试件,对5种不同配比的阳极材料试样在电迁移作用下氯离子的穿透能力进行了测试。结果表明所研制材料的电通量约是砂浆板的2倍,氯离子穿透性优于砂浆板,配比为10:3:5的2#基体离子渗透性最优,电通量最大值为369.456C。随着B所占的比例增加,氯离子的渗透性也相应提高。利用分子动力学揭示了A和B的相互作用,以及基体对氯离子作用,并得到了氯离子在基体中的扩散系数。再次,通过添加碳纤维、碳黑和碳纳米管多尺度碳基材料,增强阳极复合材料的电子导电性。在配比为10:3:5的最优离子导电性的2#基体上,掺加0%~8%(%为碳基材料占A和B总质量的百分比)的多尺度碳基材料,采用四电极法对复合材料的渗流曲线进行测试,结果表明其电阻率随着碳基材料含量的增加而整体下降,碳基材料在2.4%-2.8%之间电阻率出现由21.077Ω?m至2.247Ω?m的突降,碳基材料掺量的进一步增加对电阻率下降的没有显著贡献,进而确定出2.8%为碳基材料的经济掺量。然后对2#基体材料、在2#基体中添加2.8%碳基材料和在碳基材料经济掺量基础上单面铺设碳纳米纸3种情况,利用波导管法分别测定了其在3.22-18GHz频段的电磁屏蔽效能(SE),结果表明碳基材料掺量为2.8%的阳极材料具有较高的SE,最高可达100d B。最后,利用波导管法对所确定H2O、A、B配比为10:3:4、10:3:5、10:4:3、10:4:4、10:4:5的5种基体材料进行了吸声性能测试,在560-600Hz的频段的吸声系数达0.2以上,其余频段吸声系数较低,仅为0.05。对碳基材料掺量2.8%的阳极材料的离子渗透性和吸声性能进行测试,并与基体材料进行了比较,结果表明其离子导电性略低于基体材料,吸声性能与基体材料一致。此外,还对多功能复合阳极材料的拉敏性进行测试,得到了电阻值随拉伸率的变化关系,结果表明多功能复合阳极材料能够对百万微应变的大拉变形具有感知功能。通过上述研究,得到综合性能理想的离子与电子共导电、电磁屏蔽和声隐身多功能柔性复合阳极材料。
[Abstract]:Steel corrosion is the main reason for serious deterioration of durability of large-scale infrastructure. Mandatory current cathodic protection is an important measure to actively control corrosion of metal materials. Aging of anode materials in cathodic corrosion protection system seriously affects corrosion protection effect. In addition, important civil facilities and special military projects are urgently needed. In order to develop a cathodic corrosion control system with electromagnetic and acoustic stealth properties, a flexible multifunctional composite anode material with electronic and ion co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth is developed in this paper. Firstly, according to the flexibility, dispersion uniformity and molding difficulty, five ideal ratios of components A and B in the matrix are determined. The tensile and compressive properties of the composites were tested. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites was 88%, indicating that the composites had excellent tensile properties. The maximum tensile stress is 2.16 K Pa. The relationship between stress and strain is obtained by digital image correlation method. With the increase of strain, the ratio of stress to strain decreases gradually and the creep is obvious. The ionic conductivity of the materials was tested. Based on the space network structure of A and the interlayer structure of B and the principle of concrete electric flux measurement, the chloride penetration ability of five anode materials with different proportions was tested by using saturated mortar board as the contrast specimen. The penetration of chloride ion is better than that of mortar board. The 2# matrix with the ratio of 10:3:5 has the best ionic permeability and the maximum electric flux is 369.456C. With the increase of the proportion of B, the penetration of chloride ion increases correspondingly. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in the matrix. Thirdly, carbon fiber, carbon black and carbon nanotubes were added to enhance the electronic conductivity of the anode composites. The four-electrode method was used to test the percolation curves of the composites. The results show that the resistivity of the composites decreases as a whole with the increase of the content of carbon-based materials. The resistivity of carbon-based materials decreases suddenly from 21.077_? M to 2.247_? M between 2.4% and 2.8%. The further increase of the content of carbon-based materials has no significant contribution to the decrease of resistivity. 2.8% is the economic content of carbon-based materials. Then, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of 2.8% carbon-based materials in 3.22-18 GHz band was measured by waveguide tube method in 3 cases of 2.8% carbon-based materials, 2.8% carbon-based materials in 2 # substrate and carbon-based materials laying carbon nanopaper on the economic content of carbon-based materials. The material has high SE and can reach up to 100dB. Finally, the sound absorption performance of five kinds of substrate materials with the ratio of H2O, A and B determined by waveguide method is tested. The sound absorption coefficient is above 0.2 in the frequency range of 560-600Hz, and the sound absorption coefficient is lower in the other frequency band, only 0.05. The content of carbon-based material is 2.8%. The ionic permeability and sound absorption of the material were tested and compared with that of the matrix material. The results show that the ionic conductivity of the material is slightly lower than that of the matrix material, and the sound absorption property is the same as that of the matrix material. Functional composite anode materials can sense millions of micro-strains in large-scale tensile deformation. Through the above research, the flexible composite anode materials with ideal comprehensive properties, such as ion-electron co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth, were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU593;TB33
本文编号：2206354
[Abstract]:Steel corrosion is the main reason for serious deterioration of durability of large-scale infrastructure. Mandatory current cathodic protection is an important measure to actively control corrosion of metal materials. Aging of anode materials in cathodic corrosion protection system seriously affects corrosion protection effect. In addition, important civil facilities and special military projects are urgently needed. In order to develop a cathodic corrosion control system with electromagnetic and acoustic stealth properties, a flexible multifunctional composite anode material with electronic and ion co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth is developed in this paper. Firstly, according to the flexibility, dispersion uniformity and molding difficulty, five ideal ratios of components A and B in the matrix are determined. The tensile and compressive properties of the composites were tested. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites was 88%, indicating that the composites had excellent tensile properties. The maximum tensile stress is 2.16 K Pa. The relationship between stress and strain is obtained by digital image correlation method. With the increase of strain, the ratio of stress to strain decreases gradually and the creep is obvious. The ionic conductivity of the materials was tested. Based on the space network structure of A and the interlayer structure of B and the principle of concrete electric flux measurement, the chloride penetration ability of five anode materials with different proportions was tested by using saturated mortar board as the contrast specimen. The penetration of chloride ion is better than that of mortar board. The 2# matrix with the ratio of 10:3:5 has the best ionic permeability and the maximum electric flux is 369.456C. With the increase of the proportion of B, the penetration of chloride ion increases correspondingly. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in the matrix. Thirdly, carbon fiber, carbon black and carbon nanotubes were added to enhance the electronic conductivity of the anode composites. The four-electrode method was used to test the percolation curves of the composites. The results show that the resistivity of the composites decreases as a whole with the increase of the content of carbon-based materials. The resistivity of carbon-based materials decreases suddenly from 21.077_? M to 2.247_? M between 2.4% and 2.8%. The further increase of the content of carbon-based materials has no significant contribution to the decrease of resistivity. 2.8% is the economic content of carbon-based materials. Then, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of 2.8% carbon-based materials in 3.22-18 GHz band was measured by waveguide tube method in 3 cases of 2.8% carbon-based materials, 2.8% carbon-based materials in 2 # substrate and carbon-based materials laying carbon nanopaper on the economic content of carbon-based materials. The material has high SE and can reach up to 100dB. Finally, the sound absorption performance of five kinds of substrate materials with the ratio of H2O, A and B determined by waveguide method is tested. The sound absorption coefficient is above 0.2 in the frequency range of 560-600Hz, and the sound absorption coefficient is lower in the other frequency band, only 0.05. The content of carbon-based material is 2.8%. The ionic permeability and sound absorption of the material were tested and compared with that of the matrix material. The results show that the ionic conductivity of the material is slightly lower than that of the matrix material, and the sound absorption property is the same as that of the matrix material. Functional composite anode materials can sense millions of micro-strains in large-scale tensile deformation. Through the above research, the flexible composite anode materials with ideal comprehensive properties, such as ion-electron co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth, were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU593;TB33
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