聚苯胺—氧化锌复合材料制备及吸波性能研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 06:38

【摘要】：本文分别采用溶剂热法和溶胶凝胶法制备纳米氧化锌;采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)-ZnO复合材料。采用现代测试手段,如X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)来表征复合材料的结构、形貌,用矢量网络分析仪来测试材料的微波吸波性能。实验结果表明:(1)采用溶剂热法合成氧化锌,XRD结果表明制备的氧化锌为纯相的,六方纤锌矿结构。当温度分别为120℃、140℃、150℃、160℃、180℃时,粒子的平均粒径分别为18.67nm、18.68nm、19.52nm、22.74nm、27.29nm。SEM结果表明,制备的氧化锌形貌有球形、棒状及花瓣状,粒子之间有一定的团聚现象。当测试频率在18GHz附近时,纳米ZnO的介电常数实部(ε’)为3.7,介电常数虚部(ε’’)为0.1,反射损耗为-0.3d B。(2)采用溶胶凝胶法合成氧化锌,XRD结果表明制备的氧化锌为纯相的,六方纤锌矿结构。当温度分别为400℃、500℃、600℃、700℃、750℃时,粒子的平均粒径分别为16.43 nm、20.54 nm、29.35 nm、37.45 nm、37.44 nm。SEM结果表明,制备的氧化锌形貌有片状、棒状,粒子之间有一定的团聚现象。当测试频率在18GHz附近时,纳米ZnO的介电常数实部(ε’)为6.5,介电常数虚部(ε’’)为2.7,反射损耗为-3.7d B。(3)采用原位聚合法合成聚苯胺-氧化锌(溶剂热法)复合材料,XRD结果表明成功的制备出了PANI-ZnO复合材料,氧化锌的掺杂量分别为5%、10%、15%。SEM结果表明,制备的复合材料为球形,有轻微的团聚。当氧化锌在复合材料中含量为10%且测试频率在18GHz附近时,PANI/ZnO复合材料的介电常数实部(ε’)为3.8,介电常数虚部(ε’’)为0.9,反射损耗为-1.2d B。(4)采用原位聚合法合成聚苯胺-氧化锌(溶胶凝胶法)复合材料,XRD结果表明成功的制备出了PANI-ZnO复合材料,氧化锌的掺杂量分别为5%、10%、15%。SEM结果表明,制备的复合材料为球形,有轻微的团聚。当氧化锌在复合材料中含量为15%且测试频率在18GHz附近时,PANI/ZnO复合材料的介电常数实部(ε’)为6.8,介电常数虚部(ε’’)为3.8,反射损耗为-4.8d B。
[Abstract]:In this paper, nano-zinc oxide was prepared by solvothermal method and sol-gel method respectively, and polyaniline (PANI) ZnO composite was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by modern testing methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that: (1) Zinc oxide was synthesized by solvothermal method, and the XRD results showed that the prepared zinc oxide was pure phase with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The results show that the morphology of ZnO is spherical, rod-like and petal-like, and there is some agglomeration between the particles. When the testing frequency is around 18GHz, the real part of dielectric constant (e') of nano-ZnO is 3.7, the imaginary part of dielectric constant (e') is 0.1, and the reflection loss is - 0.3d B. (2) ZnO is synthesized by sol-gel method. XRD results show that the prepared ZnO has good properties. The average particle sizes of ZnO are 16.43 nm, 20.54 nm, 29.35 nm, 37.45 nm, 37.44 nm when the temperatures are 400, 500, 600, 700 and 750, respectively. Polyaniline-zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) composites were synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The results of XRD showed that PANI-ZnO composites were successfully prepared with 5%, 10% and 15% ZnO dopants, respectively. When the content of zinc oxide in the composite is 10% and the testing frequency is around 18 GHz, the real part of dielectric constant (e') of PANI/ZnO composite is 3.8, the imaginary part of dielectric constant (e') is 0.9 and the reflection loss is - 1.2 D B. (4) Polyaniline-zinc oxide (sol-gel) is synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The results of XRD show that PANI-ZnO composites are successfully prepared. The doping content of ZnO is 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The results of SEM show that the composites are spherical with slight agglomeration. It is 6.8, the imaginary part of the dielectric constant is 3.8, and the reflection loss is -4.8d B..
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB34

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