基于细菌纤维素合成高性能电极材料及其电化学储能的研究
发布时间：2018-10-04 20:59
【摘要】：作为一种新型储能装置,超级电容器由于能提供比电池更高的功率密度,比传统电容器更高的能量密度而备受关注,并且广泛应用到便携式电子设备、备用电源以及电动交通工具等方面。本文以细菌纤维素为基底,采用简单的合成方法制备出高性能的氮掺杂碳纳米纤维、杂原子掺杂碳纳米纤维、二硫化三镍/碳纳米纤维复合物等电极材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM、XPS、氮气吸脱附测试和电化学测试等表征,对材料的形貌、结构特征和电化学性能进行了详细的探究。(1)以细菌纤维素作为基底,通过原位聚合实现与聚吡咯的复合,并低温炭化制备出具有部分石墨化结构的氮掺杂碳纳米纤维(N-CNFs)。通过对材料的结构和性能进行表征,结果表明N-CNFs的相互交联的导电网络结构有利于电子的快速转移,从而提高电极材料的比电容值、高倍率放电性能和稳定性。(2)采用溶液浸渍法将N、P、S等原子引入到细菌纤维素中,通过低温炭化直接制备出杂原子掺杂碳纳米纤维(N-CNFs、N,P-CNFs、N,S-CNFs)。细菌纤维素因其表面含有丰富的官能团而容易引入N、N/P和N/S等原子。与N-CNFs、N,S-CNFs对比,N,P-CNFs的比电容高,循环稳定性好,这是由于N和P的共同掺入对其电化学性能的提高有很大帮助。(3)通过简单的水热法成功合成高性能Ni3S2/碳纳米纤维复合材料(Ni3S2/CNFs),并将Ni3S2/CNFs作为正极,CNFs作为负极组装成非对称超级电容器。电化学性能测试表明,所得的非对称超级电容器具有高的功率密度和能量密度和卓越的循环稳定性,且能点亮LED灯,具有实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have attracted much attention for their ability to provide higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than conventional capacitors, and have been widely used in portable electronic devices. Spare power and electric vehicles and so on. In this paper, high performance nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers, hetero-atom doped carbon nanofibers and nickel trisulfide / carbon nanofiber composites were prepared by a simple synthesis method based on bacterial cellulose. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by means of XRD,SEM,TEM,HRTEM,XPS, nitrogen adsorption and desorption tests and electrochemical measurements. (1) using bacterial cellulose as substrate, polypyrrole was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. Nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) with partial graphitization structure were prepared by low temperature carbonization. By characterizing the structure and properties of the materials, the results show that the cross-linked conductive network structure of N-CNFs is conducive to the rapid transfer of electrons, thus increasing the specific capacitance of the electrode materials. High rate discharge performance and stability. (2) using solution impregnation method, the atoms such as Nu PnS were introduced into bacterial cellulose, and the heteroatom-doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFsNP-CNFsNS-CNFs) were directly prepared by low temperature carbonization. Bacterial cellulose has abundant functional groups on its surface, so it is easy to introduce atoms such as N / P and N / S. Compared with N-CNFsS- CNFs, NCNFs have high specific capacitance and good cycle stability. This is because the co-incorporation of N and P can greatly improve their electrochemical performance. (3) High performance Ni3S2/ carbon nanofiber composites (Ni3S2/CNFs) were successfully synthesized by simple hydrothermal method, and Ni3S2/CNFs was assembled as positive electrode and negative electrode to form non-CNFs. Symmetrical supercapacitor. The electrochemical performance test shows that the asymmetric supercapacitor has high power density and energy density, excellent cycle stability, and can light up the LED lamp, so it has practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM53;TB33
本文编号：2251857
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have attracted much attention for their ability to provide higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than conventional capacitors, and have been widely used in portable electronic devices. Spare power and electric vehicles and so on. In this paper, high performance nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers, hetero-atom doped carbon nanofibers and nickel trisulfide / carbon nanofiber composites were prepared by a simple synthesis method based on bacterial cellulose. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by means of XRD,SEM,TEM,HRTEM,XPS, nitrogen adsorption and desorption tests and electrochemical measurements. (1) using bacterial cellulose as substrate, polypyrrole was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. Nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) with partial graphitization structure were prepared by low temperature carbonization. By characterizing the structure and properties of the materials, the results show that the cross-linked conductive network structure of N-CNFs is conducive to the rapid transfer of electrons, thus increasing the specific capacitance of the electrode materials. High rate discharge performance and stability. (2) using solution impregnation method, the atoms such as Nu PnS were introduced into bacterial cellulose, and the heteroatom-doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNFsNP-CNFsNS-CNFs) were directly prepared by low temperature carbonization. Bacterial cellulose has abundant functional groups on its surface, so it is easy to introduce atoms such as N / P and N / S. Compared with N-CNFsS- CNFs, NCNFs have high specific capacitance and good cycle stability. This is because the co-incorporation of N and P can greatly improve their electrochemical performance. (3) High performance Ni3S2/ carbon nanofiber composites (Ni3S2/CNFs) were successfully synthesized by simple hydrothermal method, and Ni3S2/CNFs was assembled as positive electrode and negative electrode to form non-CNFs. Symmetrical supercapacitor. The electrochemical performance test shows that the asymmetric supercapacitor has high power density and energy density, excellent cycle stability, and can light up the LED lamp, so it has practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM53;TB33
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2 耿新玲,袁伟;液相法制备Ni_3S_4纳米粉[J];无机材料学报;2003年01期
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