聚合物基复合材料黏弹性性能预测及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 12:11

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展,复合材料在各行各业中的应用越来越多。因而复合材料的使用寿命问题的重要性越来越凸显。复合材料的黏弹性是其使用寿命的性能指标国内外对复合材料的黏弹性性能的研究已经大规模展开。当前的研究多集中于复合材料宏观尺度的理论分析和实验,对于复合材料细观黏弹性理论研究的研究不够透彻。本文正是基于这一现状展开的研究。为了建立一种由基体的黏弹性获得复合材料黏弹性的新方法,本文从基体材料的黏弹性模型出发,提出一种复合材料单向板黏弹性模型。由该模型的平衡方程组,经Laplace变换与逆变换推导其黏弹性参数表达式,该表达形式与基体材料的黏弹性本构方程具有相同的形式。进行了基体材料、复合材料单向板的黏弹性实验研究,实验结果表明:复合材料单向板的蠕变柔量公式的实验拟合参数值与推导的黏弹性参数值较为接近,该模型能够较准确表达复合材料单向板的黏弹性行为。获得了一种只需测出基体的弹性模量及蠕变常数、复合材料单向板的弹性模量及基体含量,即可预测聚合物基复合材料单向板的黏弹性行为的新方法。结合复合材料层合板理论,进一步推导了基于复合材料经典层合理论假设的复合材料层合板的黏弹性参数矩阵的表达式,提出了由基体材料黏弹性性能和增强材料弹性性能获得复合材料黏弹性性能的新方法。编写了MATLAB计算程序,实现了复合材料黏弹性参数矩阵的数值计算。进行了复合材料层合板蠕变实验研究,将不同铺层工艺试样的实验结果与理论计算结果对比分析,发现了理论计算结果可以反映复合材料蠕变柔量的变化趋势,但仍然存在一定的误差。实验研究验证了复合材料黏弹性理论公式的适用性,并提出了实验的相关注意事项。本文将复合材料细观力学理论与聚合物材料黏弹性理论相结合,系统的推导出了由基体材料黏弹性性能和增强材料弹性性能获得复合材料层合板黏弹性的理论方法。通过基体材料蠕变实验、复合材料单向板蠕变实验、复合材料层合板蠕变实验验证了理论公式的正确性。该方法为改变当前复合材料长期性能实验的长时间和高经济成本的现状提供了一种可能的选择。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, composite materials are applied more and more in various industries. Therefore, the importance of the service life of composites becomes more and more important. Viscoelasticity of composite is the performance index of its service life. The research on viscoelastic properties of composite has been carried out on a large scale at home and abroad. Most of the current studies focus on the theoretical analysis and experiments of composite materials at macro scale, but the research on meso-viscoelastic theory of composite materials is not thorough enough. This paper is based on the status quo of the research. In order to establish a new method to obtain viscoelasticity of composite material from viscoelasticity of matrix, a viscoelastic model of unidirectional composite plate is proposed based on the viscoelastic model of matrix material. The expression of viscoelastic parameters is derived from the equilibrium equations of the model by Laplace transform and inverse transformation. The expression is the same as the viscoelastic constitutive equation of matrix material. The viscoelastic experiment of unidirectional composite plate and matrix material is carried out. The experimental results show that the experimental fitting parameter value of the creep compliance formula of composite unidirectional plate is close to the derived viscoelastic parameter value. The model can accurately describe the viscoelastic behavior of unidirectional composite plates. A new method for predicting the viscoelastic behavior of unidirectional composite plate is obtained by measuring the elastic modulus and creep constant of matrix, elastic modulus and matrix content of unidirectional composite plate. Based on the theory of composite laminated plate, the expression of viscoelastic parameter matrix of composite laminated plate based on the hypothesis of classical composite lamination theory is derived. A new method for obtaining the viscoelastic properties of composites from the viscoelastic properties of the matrix materials and the elastic properties of the reinforced materials is presented. A MATLAB program is developed to realize the numerical calculation of the viscoelastic parameter matrix of composite materials. The creep experiments of composite laminated plates were carried out. The experimental results of different laminates were compared and analyzed with the theoretical calculation results. It was found that the theoretical results could reflect the creep compliance of the composites. But there are still some errors. The experimental results verify the applicability of the viscoelastic theory formula of composite materials, and the relevant points for attention in the experiment are put forward. In this paper, the theory of viscoelasticity of composite laminates is systematically derived from the viscoelastic properties of matrix materials and the elastic properties of reinforced materials by combining the meso-mechanical theory of composite materials with the viscoelastic theory of polymer materials. The theoretical formula is verified by the creep experiments of matrix material, unidirectional composite plate and composite laminated plate. This method provides a possible choice for changing the present situation of long time and high economic cost of long term performance experiments of composite materials.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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