负泊松比形状记忆泡沫的制备与力学性能分析

发布时间：2018-11-07 07:22

【摘要】：形状记忆聚合物作为一种智能材料在越来越多领域发挥着重要作用,例如航空航天领域、生物医学领域和智能服饰领域等,可以做成集传感器、驱动器和作动器为一体的智能装置。负泊松比泡沫具有优异的力学性能和许多传统材料不具备的性质,比如同向弯曲,拉胀效应等,负泊松比面板在航空工业领域具有潜在用途。因此本文以商用聚氨酯软发泡材料为基体,形状记忆环氧树脂为功能相,制备形状记忆环氧树脂-聚氨酯复合泡沫;进一步通过热压缩方法实现泊松比转化,制备负泊松比形状记忆泡沫。本文通过一步法发泡在聚氨酯软发泡材料中混合形状记忆环氧树脂,制备形状记忆环氧树脂与聚氨酯交叉的网络结构。利用SEM、DSC等对形状记忆环氧复合泡沫的微观结构、转变温度等材料性能进行表征。随着形状记忆环氧树脂含量的增加,复合泡沫的玻璃化转变温度升高。通过不同的制备参数,得到内凹结构不一致的负泊松比形状记忆泡沫,实现不同泊松比值。形状记忆环氧复合泡沫进行压缩实验,包括常温压缩以及高温压缩性能测试实验,得到力学压缩曲线,采用Ashby-Gibson交叉立方体泡沫模型对压缩过程中泡孔单元的变形过程与宏观压缩有效弹性模量变化的关系进行分析与解释,测量泡沫的压缩有效弹性模量,分析不同配比对有效弹性模量的影响。随着形状记忆环氧树脂含量的增加,有效弹性模量先降低后不变,屈服强度先降低后升高。使用数字高速照相机与MATLAB图像处理技术对负泊松比形状记忆泡沫的拉伸实验泊松比进行测试,分析不同制备参数对泊松比的影响,可以为今后不同泊松比值的负泊松比形状记忆泡沫制备提供一定的指导意义。利用形状记忆性能测试分析形状记忆环氧复合泡沫在热驱动下的形状固定率和形状回复率,以及形状记忆环氧复合泡沫与负泊松比泡沫多次转化过程中体积变化以及泊松比值变化,测试形状记忆环氧复合泡沫在热驱动下回复力。
[Abstract]:As a kind of smart material, shape memory polymer plays an important role in more and more fields, such as aerospace, biomedicine, intelligent clothing and so on. Actuators and actuators as one of the intelligent devices. Negative Poisson's ratio foam has excellent mechanical properties and many properties that traditional materials do not have, such as coaxial bending, tensile expansion effect and so on. Negative Poisson's ratio panel has potential application in aviation industry. In this paper, commercial polyurethane soft foaming material was used as matrix and shape memory epoxy resin as functional phase to prepare shape memory epoxy resin polyurethane composite foam. Furthermore, Poisson ratio conversion was realized by thermal compression method, and negative Poisson ratio shape memory foam was prepared. In this paper, the structure of shape memory epoxy resin intersected with polyurethane was prepared by mixing shape memory epoxy resin in polyurethane soft foaming material by one step foaming method. The microstructure and transition temperature of shape memory epoxy composite foam were characterized by SEM,DSC. With the increase of the content of shape memory epoxy resin, the glass transition temperature of composite foam increases. Through different preparation parameters, negative Poisson ratio shape memory foam with different concave structure was obtained, and different Poisson ratio was realized. The compression test of shape memory epoxy composite foam was carried out, including the compression test at room temperature and the compression performance at high temperature, and the mechanical compression curve was obtained. The Ashby-Gibson cross cube foam model is used to analyze and explain the relationship between the deformation process of the bubble cell and the change of the macroscopic compressive effective elastic modulus, and the compressive effective elastic modulus of the foam is measured. The effect of different ratio on effective elastic modulus is analyzed. With the increase of the content of shape memory epoxy resin, the effective modulus of elasticity decreases first, and then the yield strength increases. Using digital high-speed camera and MATLAB image processing technology, the Poisson's ratio of negative Poisson's ratio shape memory foam was tested, and the influence of different preparation parameters on Poisson's ratio was analyzed. It can provide some guidance for the preparation of negative Poisson ratio shape memory foam with different Poisson ratios in the future. The shape fixation rate and shape recovery rate of shape memory epoxy composite foam were analyzed by shape memory performance test. The volume change and Poisson ratio change of shape memory epoxy composite foam and negative Poisson ratio foam were also studied. The recovery force of shape memory epoxy composite foam driven by heat was tested.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB381;O341

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