过渡金属（铜、镍）基纳米材料的合成与应用

发布时间：2018-11-10 23:46

【摘要】：本论文由两部分内容构成：一、离子-偶极相互作用调控的聚四氟乙烯贡献的气氛依赖铜基纳米材料的合成；二、采用温和一步合成的方法合成了荔枝状镍微米球并探究了所得镍球材料的磁性及其在吸附重金属离子方面的应用.主要内容如下：第一部分包含三方面内容：首先,聚四氟乙烯与铜尿素配合物间通过固-固物理研磨而产生弱相互作用即离子-偶极相互作用,这种离子-偶极相互作用的存在导致二者的热行为发生改性；其次,在不同气氛和温度下煅烧前驱体得到系列铜基材料,这种方法通过形成配合物-聚合物二元体系而不使用溶剂为生成铜基材料提供了一种环境友好绿色可替代的途径.结果表明聚四氟乙烯的存在在材料形成过程中扮演关键角色,在氮气下使铜尿素分解的中间产物氯化亚铜还原滞后,相反地在空气下使其氧化提前.这种作用的本质被归结于固-固研磨诱发的聚四氟乙烯链上带有部分负电荷的氟原子和铜尿素配合物中心铜离子之间的离子-偶极相互作用；最后,选取罗丹明6G和结晶紫为目标化合物探究了所得铜／氯化亚铜纳米材料在表面增强拉曼方面的应用.我们相信本工作代表了向发展铜基纳米材料的实用合成的重要迈进,而且开启了通过聚合物和配合物之间的关联设计和构筑宽波段过渡金属基纳米材料的令人兴奋的可能. 第二部分包含两方面内容：一方面讨论尿素参与下金属镍的简单合成.调控反应时间、反应温度和镍盐与尿素的摩尔比,利用尿素分解释放氢氧根缓慢调节反应环境酸碱性的这一特性,利用乙二醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过溶剂热反应一步合成高度分散、尺寸均一、形貌规整的镍荔枝微米球材料.另一方面研究了所得镍球材料的磁性及其在吸附水中重金属离子方面的应用,结果表明所得铁磁性镍球材料对高浓度镉离子具有很高的吸附容量和吸附选择性.这是从未被报道过的,且对相对低浓度的铅离子也具有很好的移除效果.我们相信这一成果对于废水中高浓度镉和低浓度铅的移除具有重大实用价值.
[Abstract]:This thesis consists of two parts: first, the atmosphere of PTFE contribution regulated by ion-dipole interaction depends on the synthesis of copper-based nanomaterials; Secondly, the lychee nickel microspheres were synthesized by a mild one-step synthesis method. The magnetic properties of the obtained nickel spheres and their applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions were investigated. The main contents are as follows: the first part includes three aspects: first, the weak interaction between PTFE and copper urea complex is produced by solid-solid physical grinding, that is, ion-dipole interaction. The existence of the ion-dipole interaction leads to the modification of their thermal behavior. Secondly, a series of copper-base materials were obtained by calcining precursors in different atmosphere and temperature. This method provides an environmentally friendly green alternative way to form copper-based materials by forming complex-polymer binary system without using solvent. The results show that the presence of PTFE plays a key role in the process of material formation. The reduction of cuprous chloride, the intermediate product of the decomposition of copper and urea in nitrogen, lags behind, on the contrary, it is oxidized earlier in the air. The nature of this action is attributed to the ion-dipole interaction between partially negatively charged fluorine atoms in PTFE chains and copper ions in the center of copper-urea complexes induced by solid-solid grinding. Finally, Rhodamine 6G and crystal violet were selected as the target compounds to explore the application of copper / cuprous chloride nanomaterials in surface-enhanced Raman. We believe that this work represents an important step towards the development of practical synthesis of copper-based nanomaterials and opens up exciting possibilities for the design and construction of wide-band transition metal-based nanomaterials through the correlation between polymers and complexes. The second part includes two aspects: on the one hand, the simple synthesis of nickel with urea is discussed. The reaction time, reaction temperature and the molar ratio of nickel salt to urea were adjusted slowly by the decomposition and release of hydroxyl radical from urea, and ethylene glycol was used as solvent and reductant. Nickel lychee microspheres with high dispersion, uniform size and regular morphology were synthesized by one step solvothermal reaction. On the other hand, the magnetic properties of the nickel spheres and their applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions in water were studied. The results show that the ferromagnetic nickel spheres have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for high concentration of cadmium ions. This has never been reported and has a good removal effect on relatively low concentrations of lead ions. We believe that this result is of great practical value for the removal of high concentration cadmium and low concentration lead in wastewater.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O641.3

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