利用复配剪切增稠流体提高纺织复合材料的隔声性能

发布时间：2019-01-06 10:12

【摘要】：用于噪声控制的隔声材料，对环境保护有重要的作用。但传统的隔声材料一般以增加面密度来提高隔声性能，因而质量重或厚度大，对其使用范围等有很大影响；剪切增稠流体(STF)作为一种新型功能材料备受关注，在防弹防刺材料中已有应用。由于声波入射过程中也有剪切力存在，可以想象，增稠过程中将吸收声能，从而增加材料的隔声效果。但对于常规剪切增稠流体，提高二氧化硅粒子(SiO2)的含量虽然可以提高体系的剪切增稠效果，但SiO2含量过高，，存在着加工困难和质量密度偏高的问题。本论文为了进一步提高纺织复合材料的隔声性能，探索性地提出了利用复配剪切增稠流体对织物进行处理，提高纺织复合材料的隔声性能的方法。为此，论文首先研究复配剪切增稠流体的制备工艺，并对其流变性能、增稠机理等进行了分析。并进一步地，选用剪切增稠效果较佳的复配剪切增稠流体处理织物，制备复配剪切增稠流体修饰织物隔声复合材料，并对复合材料的隔音性能进行了研究。在此基础上，通过热压层合技术，制备具有不同层合结构的隔声纺织复合材料。考察了结构因素以及流体处理对其隔声性能的影响，以期通过上述处理进一步提高纺织复合材料的隔声性能。首先，论文在以SiO2为第一分散相的基础上，提出了分别以线状的埃洛石纳米管(HNT)和体状的四针状氧化锌晶须(TW-ZnO)为第二分散相，制备HNT-SiO2和TW-ZnO/SiO2两类复配剪切增稠流体体系的方法，并对其剪切增稠性能进行研究。研究结果表明：添加少量的第二相分散相，就可以大大改善流体的剪切增稠性能。其中，采用SiO2/HNT配比为25/0.10时得到的复配剪切增稠流体具有最佳的增稠效果。其次，使用复配剪切增稠流体分别对两种不同织造结构的玻璃纤维织物进行处理，制备得到STF-织物隔声纺织品，并就流体处理对织物微观形貌和隔声性能的影响进行研究。结果表明，剪切增稠流体特有的增稠特性能有效吸收声能、削弱震动，提高了织物的整体隔声性能。其中，SiO2/HNT为25/0.10时复配剪切增稠流体对织物隔声性能具有最佳的改善效果。再次，通过对复合材料的结构进行设计并借助热压层合技术制备得到了不同层合结构的隔声复合材料，研究了结构因素材料隔声量的影响，研究结果表明：复合结构的差异会对材料的隔声效果产生一定影响，其中分体式三明治夹心结构具有最佳的隔声效果。在此基础上，以STF-织物为基础结合最优结构制备隔声纺织复合材料，研究了复合材料的隔声性能。结果表明，与未经剪切增稠流体改性的织物制备的复合材料相比，采用STF-织物制备的复合材料显示了优异的隔声效果。
[Abstract]:Sound insulation materials used in noise control play an important role in environmental protection. However, the traditional sound insulation materials generally increase the surface density to improve the sound insulation performance, so the weight or thickness of the material has a great impact on the range of its use. As a new functional material, shear thickening fluid (STF) has been widely used in bulletproof materials. Due to the existence of shear force in the sound wave incident process, it can be imagined that the sound energy will be absorbed in the thickening process, thus increasing the sound insulation effect of the material. However, for conventional shear thickening fluid, increasing the content of silica particle (SiO2) can improve the shear thickening effect of the system, but the content of SiO2 is too high, which is difficult to process and has high mass density. In this paper, in order to improve the sound insulation of textile composites, a method is proposed to improve the sound insulation of textile composites by using the composite shear thickening fluid to treat the fabric. Therefore, the preparation process of the compound shear thickening fluid was studied, and its rheological properties and thickening mechanism were analyzed. Furthermore, the sonic insulation composites modified by shear thickening fluid were prepared by using the composite shear thickening fluid treated fabric with better shear thickening effect, and the sound insulation properties of the composite were studied. On this basis, sound insulation textile composites with different laminated structures were prepared by hot lamination technology. The effects of structural factors and fluid treatment on the sound insulation of textile composites were investigated in order to improve the sound insulation of textile composites. Firstly, on the basis of SiO2 as the first dispersed phase, the second dispersion phase is proposed, which is the linear (HNT) and the tetra-needle zinc oxide whisker (TW-ZnO), respectively. Two kinds of mixed shear thickening fluid systems, HNT-SiO2 and TW-ZnO/SiO2, were prepared and their shear thickening properties were studied. The results show that the shear thickening property of the fluid can be greatly improved by adding a small amount of second phase dispersed phase. The composite shear thickening fluid with SiO2/HNT ratio of 25 / 0.10 has the best thickening effect. Secondly, two kinds of glass fiber fabrics with different weaving structures were treated with mixed shear thickening fluid to prepare STF- fabric sound insulation textiles, and the effects of fluid treatment on the microstructure and sound-insulation properties of the fabrics were studied. The results show that the thickening characteristic of shear thickening fluid can effectively absorb sound energy, weaken vibration and improve the overall sound insulation of fabric. The composite shear thickening fluid with SiO2/HNT of 25 / 0.10 has the best effect on the sound insulation of the fabric. Thirdly, the sound insulation composites with different laminated structures are obtained by designing the structure of the composites and by means of the thermal lamination technology. The influence of the structural factors on the sound insulation of the composites is studied. The results show that the difference of composite structure will have a certain effect on the sound insulation of the material, among which the split sandwich structure has the best sound insulation effect. On the basis of this, sound insulation textile composites were prepared on the basis of STF- fabric and optimum structure, and the sound insulation properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that compared with the composites prepared by unshearing thickening fluid, the composites prepared with STF- fabric showed excellent sound insulation effect.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TS106;TB33

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