石墨烯掺杂纳米氧化锌和氧化锡的制备及气敏性能研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 10:22

【摘要】：半导体金属氧化物在气敏领域有重要的应用价值。由于单一金属氧化物基气敏材料存在着工作温度高、选择性低等缺点，因而限制了它们在检测某些有毒物质方面的应用。目前，金属氧化物气体传感器的报道主要集中于对COx、H2及NOx等气体的检测，而对易挥发性有机物，尤其是低温下对低浓度的有机挥发性气体的研究较少。因此，合成新型气敏材料用于低温下检测低浓度易挥发性有毒有害物质具有重要现实意义。基于金属氧化物气敏材料现存的问题和研究背景，本论文合成了不同形貌的纳米氧化锌及石墨烯掺杂纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化锡颗粒的复合材料，研究了材料的形貌、结构及石墨烯的掺杂量对其气敏性能的影响，得到系列可用于检测有机挥发性物质的有价值数据，主要内容和结论如下：（1）利用水热法，制备出了形貌可控的纳米氧化锌，考察了其对多种挥发性有机物的气敏特性。结果表明，形貌对氧化锌的气敏性有很大影响。具有长径比的柱状的氧化锌在100oC下对三乙胺有很好的灵敏度和选择性，而片层状的氧化锌对乙醛有很好的响应。（2）一步水热法制备了石墨烯掺杂柱形氧化锌纳米复合材料，考察了石墨烯的掺杂量对材料气敏性能的影响。结果表明，石墨烯的掺杂量对复合材料的气敏性产生了很大影响，氧化锌/石墨烯复合材料对乙二醇等挥发性有机物的响应和选择性明显优于纯氧化锌，当石墨烯的掺杂量为1.2wt.%时，复合材料对乙二醇的气敏性达到最高，表明柱形氧化锌经过适量石墨烯修饰，可以有效地应用于检测低浓度挥发性的乙二醇。（3）采用水热法制备了石墨烯掺杂锥尖形纳米氧化锌复合材料，研究了复合材料的结构、形貌及其气敏性能。阐述了石墨烯掺杂量对气敏性影响的机理。结果表明，相比纯纳米氧化锌，这种石墨烯掺杂氧化锌复合材料对乙醇胺的气敏响应大大增加，且当石墨烯的掺杂量为0.25wt.%时，复合材料对乙醇胺表现出最佳的气敏特性。（4）水热法制备了石墨烯掺杂二氧化锡纳米复合材料，并对其气敏性进行了研究。结果表明：石墨烯的引入可以提高二氧化锡材料的气敏性，复合材料的气敏性均优于纯二氧化锡，在120oC条件下，石墨烯的掺杂量为0.6wt.%的复合材料对甲醛表现出最佳的气敏性能。
[Abstract]:And the semiconductor metal oxide has important application value in the field of gas sensitive. The single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material has the disadvantages of high operating temperature, low selectivity and the like, thereby limiting the application of the single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material in the detection of certain toxic substances. At present, the report of the metal oxide gas sensor is mainly focused on the detection of the gas such as COx, H2 and NOx, and the low-concentration organic volatile gas is low in the volatile organic matter, especially at low temperature. Therefore, the synthesis of a new type of gas-sensitive material is of great practical significance for detecting low-concentration volatile and toxic and harmful substances at low temperature. Based on the existing problems and research background of the metal oxide gas-sensitive material, the composite materials of the nano-zinc oxide and the graphene-doped nano-zinc oxide and the nano-tin oxide particles with different shapes are synthesized and the shape of the material is studied. The influence of the doping amount of the appearance, the structure and the graphene on the gas-sensitive property, and the obtained series can be used for detecting the valuable data, the main contents and the conclusions of the organic volatile substances, such as Next: (1) The water heat method was used to prepare the nano-sized nano-particles with controllable morphology. Zinc oxide, which is used to study the gas of many kinds of volatile organic compounds The results show that the appearance of zinc oxide is sensitive to the gas-sensitive property of zinc oxide. The large-diameter zinc oxide has good sensitivity and selectivity to triethylamine at 100oC, and the lamellar zinc oxide has good effect on acetaldehyde. and (2) preparing a graphene-doped cylindrical zinc oxide nano composite material by a one-step water thermal method, The results show that the doping amount of the graphene has a great influence on the gas-sensitive property of the composite material, the response and the selectivity of the zinc oxide/ graphene composite material to the volatile organic matters such as ethylene glycol are obviously superior to the pure zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene is When 1. 2wt.%, the gas sensitivity of the composite to the ethylene glycol reaches the highest, indicating that the cylindrical zinc oxide is modified by a proper amount of graphene and can be effectively applied to the detection of the low-concentration volatilization. (3) The graphene-doped cone-shaped nano-zinc oxide composite was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the structure and shape of the composite were studied. Appearance and gas-sensitive properties of graphene are described. The amount of graphene doping is described. The results show that the gas-sensitive response of the graphene-doped zinc oxide composite to the ethanolamine is greatly increased compared with the pure nano-zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene in that case of 0. 25wt.%, the composite material showed that ethanolamine and (4) preparing the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material by the water thermal method, and the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material The results show that the introduction of the graphene can improve the gas sensitivity of the tin dioxide material, the gas sensitivity of the composite material is better than that of the pure tin dioxide, and under the condition of 120oC, the graphene the formaldehyde table of the composite material with the doping amount of 0. 6wt.%
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1

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