连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备及性能研究
发布时间：2019-05-15 03:09
【摘要】：树脂基复合材料的基体主要有热固性树脂与热塑性树脂两种，相对于热固性树脂基复合材料，热塑性树脂基复合材料通常具有多方面的优势，其韧性较高，抗冲击性能较好；热塑性树脂的吸湿率较低，耐湿热性能好；成型周期较短，适合大批量生产。聚醚醚酮作为一种半结晶性高性能热塑性树脂的代表，具有极其出色的力学性能、耐高温湿热性和耐腐蚀性能，由于其优异的综合性能已被广泛应用于航空航天、电子信息、能源和医疗等领域。由于聚醚醚酮较高的熔融粘度以及几乎不溶于任何有机溶剂的特点，，碳纤维增强的聚醚醚酮复合材料主要通过双螺杆挤出机制备的短纤维增强的复合材料，不能得到高强度、高模量的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料，无法满足航空航天、武器装备、轨道客车、汽车等高技术领域的应用需求，本论文主要针对连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的设计制备来开展研究。 为了克服聚醚醚酮树脂熔体粘度大而难以均匀浸渍碳纤维的缺点，本论文通过利用实验室自制的聚醚醚酮纤维与碳纤维通过包缠纱的方式制备了混杂纤维束，利用此混杂纤维束与聚醚醚酮纤维进行了混编，制备了便于后期成型的单向平纹织物，通过平纹织物的层叠热压制备连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料。针对此织物中包缠纱的卷曲性特点，在热压成型前存在一定张力的情况下对此织物进行了预压制，成功制备了碳纤维取向较好、性能较优的复合材料。研究工作对复合材料成型过程中的成型压力、保压时间和成型温度进行了优化，最终成功制备了力学性能较为出色的连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料。研究表明包缠纱中碳纤维与聚醚醚酮纤维的分散效果不是特别均匀，因而在成型过程中需要采用较大的成型压力以及较高的成型温度，高温高压下聚醚醚酮树脂基本能达到均匀浸渍碳纤维的效果。在较高的成型温度下，聚醚醚酮基体树脂出现了少量的热氧化降解导致其热稳定性略有下降，但由于高温下聚醚醚酮树脂熔融粘度的降低促进了聚醚醚酮树脂对碳纤维丝束的浸渍，且占据了主导作用，因而高温下的成型对复合材料的力学性能基本没有造成影响。 对经过优化成型后的复合材料的相关性能进行了系统评价，特别是对复合材料的耐湿热性能进行了较深入的讨论。研究结果表明本工作所制备的复合材料具有突出的力学性能，出色的耐高温性能，复合材料在经过常温湿热和高温湿热环境后依然能保持优异的力学性能。
[Abstract]:The matrix of resin matrix composites is mainly thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. Compared with thermosetting resin matrix composites, thermoplastic resin matrix composites usually have many advantages, their toughness is higher and impact resistance is better. Thermoplastic resin has low moisture absorption rate, good moisture and heat resistance, short molding cycle and suitable for mass production. Polyether ether ketone, as a representative of semi-crystalline high performance thermoplastic resin, has excellent mechanical properties, high temperature humidity and heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Because of its excellent comprehensive properties, polyether ether ketone has been widely used in aerospace and electronic information. Areas such as energy and health care. Because of the high melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone and its insoluble in almost any organic solvent, the carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites are mainly prepared by twin screw extrusion mechanism, and the high strength of the composites can not be obtained. High modulus carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites can not meet the application needs of aerospace, weapons and equipment, rail passenger cars, cars and other high-tech fields. In this paper, the design and preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were studied. In order to overcome the shortcomings of polyether ether ketone resin melt viscosity and difficulty in uniformly dipping carbon fiber, hybrid fiber bundles were prepared by using polyether ether ketone fiber and carbon fiber made in laboratory by wrapping yarn. The hybrid fiber bundles were mixed with polyether ether ketone fiber to prepare unidirectional plain fabric which was convenient for later molding. Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were prepared by stacking hot pressing of plain fabric. According to the curl characteristics of wrapped yarn in this fabric, the fabric was prepressed under the condition of certain tension before hot pressing, and the composite with good carbon fiber orientation and better properties was successfully prepared. The molding pressure, holding time and molding temperature of the composites were optimized, and the continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites with excellent mechanical properties were successfully prepared. The results show that the dispersion effect of carbon fiber and polyether ether ketone fiber in wrapped yarn is not particularly uniform, so it is necessary to adopt higher molding pressure and higher molding temperature in the molding process. Polyether ether ketone resin can basically achieve the effect of uniform impregnation of carbon fiber at high temperature and high pressure. At higher molding temperature, the thermal stability of polyether ether ketone matrix resin decreased slightly due to a small amount of thermal oxidation degradation of polyether ether ketone matrix resin. However, the decrease of melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone resin promotes the impregnation of carbon fiber tow with polyether ether ketone resin at high temperature, and occupies a dominant role, so the molding at high temperature has little effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The related properties of the composites after optimization were systematically evaluated, especially the moisture and heat resistance of the composites were discussed in detail. The results show that the composites prepared in this work have outstanding mechanical properties and excellent high temperature resistance, and the composites can still maintain excellent mechanical properties after wet and hot environment at room temperature and high temperature.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332
本文编号：2477269
[Abstract]:The matrix of resin matrix composites is mainly thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. Compared with thermosetting resin matrix composites, thermoplastic resin matrix composites usually have many advantages, their toughness is higher and impact resistance is better. Thermoplastic resin has low moisture absorption rate, good moisture and heat resistance, short molding cycle and suitable for mass production. Polyether ether ketone, as a representative of semi-crystalline high performance thermoplastic resin, has excellent mechanical properties, high temperature humidity and heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Because of its excellent comprehensive properties, polyether ether ketone has been widely used in aerospace and electronic information. Areas such as energy and health care. Because of the high melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone and its insoluble in almost any organic solvent, the carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites are mainly prepared by twin screw extrusion mechanism, and the high strength of the composites can not be obtained. High modulus carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites can not meet the application needs of aerospace, weapons and equipment, rail passenger cars, cars and other high-tech fields. In this paper, the design and preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were studied. In order to overcome the shortcomings of polyether ether ketone resin melt viscosity and difficulty in uniformly dipping carbon fiber, hybrid fiber bundles were prepared by using polyether ether ketone fiber and carbon fiber made in laboratory by wrapping yarn. The hybrid fiber bundles were mixed with polyether ether ketone fiber to prepare unidirectional plain fabric which was convenient for later molding. Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites were prepared by stacking hot pressing of plain fabric. According to the curl characteristics of wrapped yarn in this fabric, the fabric was prepressed under the condition of certain tension before hot pressing, and the composite with good carbon fiber orientation and better properties was successfully prepared. The molding pressure, holding time and molding temperature of the composites were optimized, and the continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone composites with excellent mechanical properties were successfully prepared. The results show that the dispersion effect of carbon fiber and polyether ether ketone fiber in wrapped yarn is not particularly uniform, so it is necessary to adopt higher molding pressure and higher molding temperature in the molding process. Polyether ether ketone resin can basically achieve the effect of uniform impregnation of carbon fiber at high temperature and high pressure. At higher molding temperature, the thermal stability of polyether ether ketone matrix resin decreased slightly due to a small amount of thermal oxidation degradation of polyether ether ketone matrix resin. However, the decrease of melt viscosity of polyether ether ketone resin promotes the impregnation of carbon fiber tow with polyether ether ketone resin at high temperature, and occupies a dominant role, so the molding at high temperature has little effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The related properties of the composites after optimization were systematically evaluated, especially the moisture and heat resistance of the composites were discussed in detail. The results show that the composites prepared in this work have outstanding mechanical properties and excellent high temperature resistance, and the composites can still maintain excellent mechanical properties after wet and hot environment at room temperature and high temperature.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332
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