高分子纳米复合气湿敏材料和传感器研究
发布时间：2019-05-17 21:14
【摘要】：高分子及其复合敏感材料具有制备简便、响应特性易于调控,可室温响应等优点,在气体和湿度传感器中得到广泛应用。本论文合成了聚电解质／聚苯胺(PANI),聚电解质／还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合湿敏材料和不同种类的酸为掺杂剂的纳米结构聚苯胺气敏材料,通过FT-IR、UV-Vis、SEM、TEM、AFM等手段表征了材料的组成结构及其形貌。采用浸涂的方法制备了电阻型湿敏和气敏元件,研究了其室温下对湿度和氨气的响应特性。讨论了材料组成、沉积顺序和元件制备工艺等对其响应特性的影响,探讨了敏感机理。采用浸涂法依次沉积敏感膜,制备了具有双层结构的交联季铵化聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(QC-P4VP)/PANI和QC-P4VP/RGO复合湿敏元件,考察其低湿响应特性。PANI和RGO的引入均能有效降低元件的低湿阻抗,解决了聚电解质元件低湿阻抗过高难以测定的问题。QC-P4VP/PANI复合元件在1～98%RH范围内阻抗变化约3个数量级,可实现全湿度范围内湿度的灵敏检测；QC-P4VP/RGO复合元件可实现对于极低湿度环境下(0.18%RH)的湿度灵敏检测。结合复合元件独特的双层结构以及湿敏材料的响应特性,提出湿敏响应机理。制备了以盐酸、樟脑磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、植酸和聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA)为掺杂酸的可分散PANI纳米气敏材料及气敏元件,发现PSSA掺杂的PANI元件氨气响应性能最优。制备条件对PANI-PSSA元件的氨气响应也有很大影响。[PSSA]/[苯胺]/[过硫酸铵]=1：1：0.7制备的PANI-PSSA,配制20 mg/mL水分散液,采用浸涂法制备气敏元件具有最佳响应：室温下氨气响应灵敏(检测限低至200ppb),对湿度不敏感,回复可逆且选择性良好。
[Abstract]:Polymer and its composite sensitive materials have been widely used in gas and humidity sensors because of their simple preparation, easy control of response characteristics and room temperature response. In this paper, polyelectrolytes / Polyphenylamine (PANI), polyelectrolytes / reductive graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite humidity sensitive materials and nanostructured polyphenylamine gas sensing materials with different kinds of acid as dopants were synthesized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,SEM,. The composition, structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by TEM,AFM. Resistive humidity and gas sensors were prepared by dipping method. The response characteristics of resistance humidity and gas sensors to humidity and ammonia at room temperature were studied. The effects of material composition, deposition sequence and component preparation process on the response characteristics were discussed, and the sensitive mechanism was discussed. Crosslinked quaternized poly( 4-vinylpyridine) (QC-P4VP) / PANI and QC-P4VP/RGO composite humidity sensors with double-layer structure were prepared by depositing sensitive films in turn by immersion method. The low humidity response characteristics were investigated. The introduction of pani and RGO can effectively reduce the low humidity impedance of the element. The problem that the low humidity impedance of polyelectrolyte element is too high and difficult to be measured is solved. The impedance change of QC-P4VP/PANI composite element in 1~98%RH range is about three orders of magnitude, which can realize the sensitive detection of humidity in the full humidity range. QC-P4VP/RGO composite element can realize sensitive detection of humidity in very low humidity environment (0.18%RH). Combined with the unique double-layer structure of the composite element and the response characteristics of the humidity sensitive material, the mechanism of the humidity sensitive response is put forward. Dispersible PANI nano-gas sensors and gas sensors with hydrochloric acid, camphor sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, phytic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) as dopants were prepared. It was found that the PSSA-doped PANI element had the best ammonia response performance. The preparation conditions also have a great influence on the ammonia response of PANI-PSSA elements. 20 mg/mL water dispersions are prepared by PANI-PSSA, prepared by [PSSA] / [phenylamine] / [ammonium persulfate] = 1 鈮，
本文编号：2479413
[Abstract]:Polymer and its composite sensitive materials have been widely used in gas and humidity sensors because of their simple preparation, easy control of response characteristics and room temperature response. In this paper, polyelectrolytes / Polyphenylamine (PANI), polyelectrolytes / reductive graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite humidity sensitive materials and nanostructured polyphenylamine gas sensing materials with different kinds of acid as dopants were synthesized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,SEM,. The composition, structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by TEM,AFM. Resistive humidity and gas sensors were prepared by dipping method. The response characteristics of resistance humidity and gas sensors to humidity and ammonia at room temperature were studied. The effects of material composition, deposition sequence and component preparation process on the response characteristics were discussed, and the sensitive mechanism was discussed. Crosslinked quaternized poly( 4-vinylpyridine) (QC-P4VP) / PANI and QC-P4VP/RGO composite humidity sensors with double-layer structure were prepared by depositing sensitive films in turn by immersion method. The low humidity response characteristics were investigated. The introduction of pani and RGO can effectively reduce the low humidity impedance of the element. The problem that the low humidity impedance of polyelectrolyte element is too high and difficult to be measured is solved. The impedance change of QC-P4VP/PANI composite element in 1~98%RH range is about three orders of magnitude, which can realize the sensitive detection of humidity in the full humidity range. QC-P4VP/RGO composite element can realize sensitive detection of humidity in very low humidity environment (0.18%RH). Combined with the unique double-layer structure of the composite element and the response characteristics of the humidity sensitive material, the mechanism of the humidity sensitive response is put forward. Dispersible PANI nano-gas sensors and gas sensors with hydrochloric acid, camphor sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, phytic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) as dopants were prepared. It was found that the PSSA-doped PANI element had the best ammonia response performance. The preparation conditions also have a great influence on the ammonia response of PANI-PSSA elements. 20 mg/mL water dispersions are prepared by PANI-PSSA, prepared by [PSSA] / [phenylamine] / [ammonium persulfate] = 1 鈮，
本文编号：2479413
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