重力式平台受船舶撞击作用的损伤特性及优化

发布时间：2018-01-05 10:35

本文关键词：重力式平台受船舶撞击作用的损伤特性及优化　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业化革命以来,全球的经济发展对石油和天然气有着急剧增长的需求量,陆地资源已经被大量开采,世界上许多先进国家都将重心投向海洋,我国环渤海地区的浅海地带所发现的油田大部分是边际油田,特殊油气田的开发中应该重点研究合适的海上平台类型。本文选取的研究对象是专门适用于边际油田的浅海重力式平台,并从平台抵抗船舶撞击能力的角度进行分析。船舶与海洋工程结构物发生碰撞是很短的时间内结构受到较大的冲击作用而产生的非线性动力响应,过程比较复杂,又可分为几何、材料和接触非线性等。本文在对碰撞动力学的研究现状和力学机理进行总结和介绍的基础之上,引入显式有限元数值仿真法对已设计平台和船舶的不同工况的撞击过程进行模拟,在分析和对比不同工况下的一系列数据之后寻求改进平台的意见。本文的主要内容包括：1.对船-平台碰撞问题的研究现状和主要计算方法进行总结,并分别介绍了不同方法的优缺点,最终选择有限元法作为本文的主要研究手段。2.详细的介绍了有限元法在碰撞领域应用的发展历程和碰撞仿真中涉及到的关键技术和手段,包括接触与摩擦的问题、材料的失效准则等,并简单介绍了本文选用的显式有限元软件DYNA和部分单元的功能。3.用DYNA软件对原设计平台进行建模,模拟平台和不同质量、不同速度的船舶的碰撞过程,得到各种响应数据,尝试解释碰撞过程中出现的一些现象和数据并进行对比分析。4.根据原模型的碰撞结果的分析结论提出不同的改进意见,分为平台结构类型的改进和平台局部构件的尺寸改进,并得到相应的结果后再与原模型进行对比分析,提出合理有效的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the global economic development of oil and natural gas has a rapid increase in demand, land resources have been exploited in large quantities, many advanced countries in the world will focus on the sea. Most of the oil fields found in the shallow sea area around the Bohai Sea in China are marginal oil fields. In the development of special oil and gas fields, we should focus on the appropriate offshore platform types. The research object selected in this paper is the shallow water gravity platform which is suitable for marginal oil fields. From the point of view of the resistance of the platform to the impact of the ship, the collision between the ship and the marine engineering structure is the nonlinear dynamic response caused by the larger impact of the structure in a very short period of time. The process is complicated and can be divided into geometry, material and contact nonlinearity. This paper summarizes and introduces the research status and mechanics mechanism of collision dynamics. The explicit finite element numerical simulation method is introduced to simulate the impact process of the designed platform and the ship under different working conditions. After analyzing and comparing a series of data under different working conditions, we seek the advice of improving the platform. The main contents of this paper include: 1. Summarize the research status and main calculation methods of ship-platform collision problem. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are introduced. Finally, the finite element method is chosen as the main research method in this paper. 2. The development of the application of finite element method in the impact field and the key technologies and means involved in the collision simulation are introduced in detail. Including contact and friction problems, material failure criteria and so on. The explicit finite element software DYNA and the function of some elements are introduced in this paper. The original design platform is modeled with DYNA software, and the platform is simulated with different quality. All kinds of response data are obtained from the collision process of ships with different velocities. Try to explain some phenomena and data in the collision process and make a comparative analysis .4.According to the analysis results of the original model, different suggestions for improvement are put forward. It is divided into the improvement of the structure type of platform and the improvement of the size of the local members of the platform, and the corresponding results are obtained and compared with the original model, and the reasonable and effective suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U661.4;U674.38

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