船用电控增压四冲程柴油机建模与性能优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 05:26

本文关键词：船用电控增压四冲程柴油机建模与性能优化研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着石油资源储量的日益减少和各国对排放要求的日益严格,对船用柴油机燃油系统进行电控化改造使其满足低油耗低排放的要求,是现行最有效途径之一。因此,建立能准确反映电控船用柴油机动力装置热力过程的数学模型对船舶动力装置的控制、性能优化等都有着重要意义。本文以济南柴油机厂生产的4190ZLC-2型柴油机作为研究对象,开展了如下研究：1)从电控化改造实验为出发点,首先针对电控组合泵代替机械泵的4190型柴油机燃油喷射系统的改进,利用AMESim仿真平台建立电控组合泵单缸喷油系统仿真模型,从不同柱塞直径、凸轮作用段以及喷油器孔径等方面进行改进,通过试验,找出凸轮工作作用段、喷油器突出高度、喷孔直径以及供油提前角对柴油机油耗和排放的影响,得出燃油喷射系统的匹配结构,实现柴油机喷射系统的优化。2)基于Simulink仿真软件,选用平均值的方法,建立柴油机整机的模型,包括涡轮增压器模型、中冷器模型、柴油机本体模型和燃油系统模型,并验证了模型的准确性。结合电控化改造后的4190柴油机物理模型,利用AVL_BOOST软件建立了4190型电控柴油机工作过程模型,利用实验数据对建立的模型进行标定,并验证了负荷特性和推进特性下仿真模型的正确性。3)利用已经建立的4190型船用中速增压柴油机平均值模型,研究了进、排气系统以及压缩比(s)对4190型船用四冲程柴油机性能的影响。通过AVL_BOOST仿真计算分析了柴油机压缩比、燃烧起始角以及配气相位对柴油机性能的影响。同时研究了柴油机与涡轮增压系统运行规律,分别得到柴油机推进特性和负荷特性下柴油机和压气机联合运行线,为4190系列柴油机的优化改进和性能分析提供了理论参考。4)利用AVL FIRE软件,建立了4190柴油机燃烧室的计算模型,实验验证模型的准确性；然后对传统ω型燃烧室结构参数中的喉口直径、凸台高度、凹坑半径进行较深入的研究,分别从单个燃烧室结构参数对燃烧过程和排放的影响两方面开展研究。在此基础上,应用正交设计的方法进行了柴油机燃烧系统多参数匹配研究,通过对计算结果的分析得到了燃烧系统参数对指示功率和NOx排放影响的权重系数,并以指示功率和NOx排放为优化目标,找到了最优的燃烧系统参数组合。
[Abstract]:With the decreasing reserves of petroleum resources and the increasingly stringent emission requirements of various countries, the marine diesel engine fuel system has been electronically controlled to meet the requirements of low fuel consumption and low emissions. Therefore, the mathematical model which can accurately reflect the thermal process of the electric control marine diesel engine power plant is established to control the ship power plant. Performance optimization is of great significance. This paper takes 4190ZLC-2 diesel engine produced by Jinan Diesel engine Factory as the research object, carries out the following research: 1) from the electronic control transformation experiment as the starting point. Firstly, aiming at the improvement of the fuel injection system of 4190 diesel engine which replaced the mechanical pump by electrically controlled combined pump, the simulation model of single-cylinder injection system of electrically controlled combined pump is established by using AMESim simulation platform. From the aspects of different plunger diameter, cam action section and injector aperture, the working section of cam and the protruding height of injector are found out by experiment. The influence of injection hole diameter and fuel advance angle on diesel fuel consumption and emissions, the matching structure of fuel injection system is obtained, and the optimization of diesel injection system is realized. 2) based on Simulink simulation software. The model of diesel engine including turbocharger model, intercooler model, diesel engine body model and fuel system model are established by using the method of average value. Combined with the physical model of 4190 diesel engine, the working process model of 4190 diesel engine was established by using AVL_BOOST software. The model is calibrated with experimental data, and the correctness of the simulation model under load and propulsion characteristics is verified. 3) the average value model of 4190 marine medium-speed turbocharged diesel engine has been established. The effect of intake, exhaust system and compression ratio on the performance of 4190 marine four-stroke diesel engine is studied. The compression ratio of diesel engine is analyzed by AVL_BOOST simulation. The effect of combustion starting angle and valve phase on the performance of diesel engine is also studied. The operation law of diesel engine and turbocharging system is also studied. The combined operation line of diesel engine and compressor under the propulsion and load characteristics of diesel engine is obtained respectively. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the optimization improvement and performance analysis of 4190 series diesel engines. (4) the calculation model of the combustion chamber of 4190 diesel engine is established by using AVL FIRE software. The veracity of the model is verified by experiments. Then, the throat diameter, the height of the crown and the radius of the pit in the structure parameters of the traditional 蠅 type combustor are studied deeply. The effects of single combustor structure parameters on combustion process and emissions are studied respectively. Based on this the orthogonal design method is used to study the multi-parameter matching of diesel combustion system. Through the analysis of the calculated results, the weight coefficients of the influence of the combustion system parameters on the indicated power and NOx emissions are obtained, and the optimum targets are the indicated power and the NOx emissions. The optimal combination of combustion system parameters is found.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U664.121

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