船体零件切割路径优化技术及工程应用

发布时间：2018-02-04 23:17

本文关键词： 船体零件切割路径优化智能算法软件接口应用软件切割效率　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着近年来造船市场的低迷,各大船厂都在深挖潜能,提高自身效率来获取更大效益。在黄海造船有限公司(以下简称黄海造船),船体零件切割是船舶现场生产制造中的第一道工序,在公司设备和工作时间确定的情况下,提高零件切割的效率就需要在实际生产中解决切割点火次数多、切割空走路径长等问题。本文的研究旨在如何在黄海造船现有生产条件的基础上,通过引进船体零件切割路径优化软件,并按照现场生产特点进行二次开发,对软件按照现场施工需要进行优化改进,完善软件功能,使其成为能够为现场生产所用的优化软件,实现减少数控切割空走距离,减少等离子切割嘴的点火次数,达到节能减排,提高生产效率的目的。本文根据黄海造船现场生产过程中数控车间零件切割的流程与特点,结合船体零件切割路径优化的理论知识,进行的研究的工作如下：(1)对路径优化进行理论学习,首先根据哥尼斯堡七桥问题和欧拉定理对数控切割的零件进行数学建模,将船体零件建模转化成点与线,将实际的零件切割问题转化成数学模型,通过算法来解决数学问题,并寻求零件切割的最优解。在理论学习的同时,也考虑了黄海造船的实际生产问题,让理论研究更切合黄海造船的生产实际。本文主要应用的是双边桥法与最小生成树算法。(2)对黄海造船新厂数控切割设备进行了解,主要包括：设备型号、设备机载电脑的型号等,通过对设备的研究与实验得出加密GM指令的定义；通过对套料软件的研究得出切割指令的生成模式,研究如何将套料软件生成的指令转化为船体零件路径优化软件可执行的文件；通过对套料软件的研究找到套料软件与船体零件切割路径优化软件的指令共同点,寻找两个软件的接口,实现代码的顺利转化,并在计算机端通过模拟运行验证软件的可行性。(3)研究黄海造船数控切割现状,将船体零件切割路径优化软件运用到实际生产之中。分析船体零件切割路径优化软件在实际生产中遇到的问题,将切割嘴刮碰问题分为两类,一类是切割顺序问题,一类是切割补偿量不足问题；并在理论上通过优化切割顺序,调整切割补偿量等方法来解决问题,通过大量的实验来验证解决问题的办法,在问题解决后进行大量切割实验进行数据收集与统计,将软件顺利地运用到日常生产之中。分析运用船体零件切割路径优化软件之前与之后的生产效率对比,从切割空走距离、等离子切割嘴点火次数等方面进行数据对比来验证船体零件切割路径优化软件在实际生产中的优越性。并通过大量的现场实验数据来证明船体零件切割路径优化软件应用到生产的可行性,最终将船体零件切割路径优化软件逐步运用到黄海造船的实际生产之中。
[Abstract]:With the downturn of shipbuilding market in recent years, the shipyards are digging their potential and improving their own efficiency to obtain greater benefits. In Huang Hai Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huang Hai Shipbuilding). Hull parts cutting is the first working procedure in the production and manufacture of the ship. Under the condition of the equipment and working time of the company, it is necessary to solve the cutting ignition times in actual production to improve the efficiency of the parts cutting. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the software of cutting path optimization of hull parts on the basis of the existing production conditions of Huang Hai shipbuilding, and to carry out secondary development according to the characteristics of field production. The software is optimized and improved according to the needs of field construction, and the function of the software is perfected to make it an optimized software which can be used in the field production, and to reduce the distance between the NC cutting and the air walking. To reduce the number of ignition of plasma cutting nozzle, achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, improve production efficiency. This paper according to Huang Hai shipbuilding site production process of NC workshop parts cutting process and characteristics. Combined with the theoretical knowledge of hull parts cutting path optimization, the research work is as follows: 1. Firstly, according to the Gothenburg Seven Bridge problem and Euler Theorem, the numerical control cutting part is modeled, and the hull part modeling is transformed into point and line, and the actual part cutting problem is transformed into mathematical model. Through the algorithm to solve mathematical problems, and to find the optimal solution of parts cutting. While learning the theory, we also consider the actual production of Huang Hai shipbuilding. The main application of this paper is bilateral bridge method and minimum spanning tree algorithm. On the basis of the research and experiment of the equipment, the definition of the encryption GM instruction is obtained. Based on the research of the nesting software, the generating mode of the cutting instruction is obtained, and how to convert the instruction generated by the nesting software into the executable file of the Hull part path optimization software is studied. Through the research of the nesting software, the common command between the nesting software and the Hull part cutting path optimization software is found, and the interface of the two softwares is found to realize the smooth transformation of the code. At the end of the computer, the feasibility of the software is verified by simulation. (3) the current situation of Huang Hai shipbuilding NC cutting is studied. The cutting path optimization software of hull parts is applied to actual production. The problems encountered in actual production are analyzed and the cutting nozzle scraping problem is divided into two categories. One is the problem of cutting order, the other is the problem of insufficient amount of compensation. And in theory by optimizing the cutting sequence, adjusting the amount of cutting compensation to solve the problem, through a large number of experiments to verify the solution. After solving the problem, a large number of cutting experiments were carried out to collect data and statistics, and the software was successfully applied to daily production. The production efficiency before and after the use of Hull parts cutting path optimization software was analyzed and compared. Walk from the cutting air. In order to verify the superiority of the software of cutting path optimization of hull parts in actual production, the data of ignition times of plasma cutting nozzle were compared in order to verify the optimization of cutting path of hull parts by a large number of field experimental data. The feasibility of software application to production. Finally, the hull parts cutting path optimization software is gradually applied to the actual production of Huang Hai shipbuilding.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U671.2

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