仿生水翼推进的数值模拟和实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 14:54

本文关键词： 仿生推进拍动水翼响应曲面法实验设计　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋空间蕴含的丰富资源使人们对海洋的开发不断加大技术投入,各种复杂的工程应用和水下环境对水下航器的推进性能要求越来越高。传统的螺旋桨推进存在着效率低,机动性能差,效率低和噪声大等缺点,极大地限制了其在狭窄、复杂和动态环境中的应用。为了克服上述缺陷,适应未来海洋开发与探索的需求,有必要寻找更加优良的新型水下推进方式。海洋生物经过亿万年进化,获得了非凡的水下运动性能,因此仿生推进成为水下推进技术的研究热点。游动生物鳍或翼的拍动形式有对称和非对称两种,其中对称拍动的推进效率相对非对称拍动较高,非对称拍动在一定条件下可能获得较大的推力或者升力。大多数工程研究里面,拍动水翼只有横向运动是自由的,这样,运动自由度减少,工程实现比较容易,然而,这种约束使得仿生样机不能准确反映观测对象的运动。针对仿生水翼的拍动问题,本文采取流体计算仿真和实验测量相结合的方法,首先进行运动学建模,在原有两自由度的基础上研究三自由度的非对称拍动。基于三维非定常,不可压缩流体控制方程,用商业软件Fluent对仿生水翼在流场中的拍动问题进行数值计算,得到水翼拍动过程中产生的推力、升力和转矩,并分析水翼拍动过程的流场,解释仿生水翼推进机理,证明了不同拍动形式在获取大的推进力和高的推进效率之间存在平衡而又矛盾的关系。然后分析了水翼运动参数对水翼拍动的影响规律,采用曲面响应法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM),研究多个参数对推进效率的综合影响,并得到一个多项式预测模型,为将来设计仿生推进器的研究提供参考。最后设计了一种经济可行的仿生水翼运动实验装置,通过伺服控制实现水翼的升沉和俯仰运动,以及拖动运动;选用拉压力传感器,实时获取水翼拍动过程中产生的推进力和升力,为拍动翼的水动力分析,流场数值模拟等研究内容提供一个实验验证载体。
[Abstract]:The rich resources contained in the ocean space make people increase the technical investment in the development of the ocean. Various complex engineering applications and underwater environment require higher and higher propulsion performance of underwater vehicles. The traditional propeller propulsion has low efficiency. The disadvantages of poor mobility, low efficiency and high noise greatly limit its application in narrow, complex and dynamic environments. There is a need to find better new types of underwater propulsion. Marine life has evolved over billions of years to achieve extraordinary underwater performance. Therefore, bionic propulsion has become a hot research topic in underwater propulsion technology. There are two kinds of flapping modes of the fin or wing of a swimming organism, which are symmetrical and asymmetric, among which the propelling efficiency of symmetric flapping is relatively high. In most engineering studies, only lateral motion of flapping hydrofoil is free, which reduces the degree of freedom of motion and makes engineering easier. This constraint makes the biomimetic prototype unable to accurately reflect the motion of the observed object. In view of the flapping problem of the bionic hydrofoil, this paper adopts the method of the combination of fluid calculation simulation and experimental measurement to model the kinematics at first. Based on the three dimensional unsteady and incompressible fluid control equation, the dynamic behavior of bionic hydrofoil in the flow field is numerically calculated by commercial software Fluent. The thrust, lift and torque generated during hydrofoil flapping are obtained. The flow field of hydrofoil flapping is analyzed, and the mechanism of bionic hydrofoil propulsion is explained. It is proved that there is a balance and contradiction between different flapping modes in obtaining large propelling force and high propulsion efficiency, and then the influence of hydrofoil motion parameters on hydrofoil flapping is analyzed. In this paper, the response Surface method is used to study the comprehensive effect of several parameters on the propulsion efficiency, and a polynomial prediction model is obtained. Finally, a kind of economical and feasible experimental device of bionic hydrofoil motion is designed, which can realize the motion of the hydrofoil by servo control and drag the motion, and select the pull pressure sensor, which can be used to design the bionic thruster in the future. The propulsive force and lift produced in the hydrofoil flapping process are obtained in real time, which provides an experimental verification carrier for hydrodynamic analysis and flow field numerical simulation of flapping wing.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U661

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