升空AIS与雷达航迹信息融合技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 03:28

本文选题：机载AIS　切入点：SOTDMA协议　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：AIS船舶自动识别系统能提供精确的船舶位置与属性信息,通过信息融合技术能有效弥补雷达测向精度不高的影响。为了对更大范围内的海域进行监视,本文对升空AIS与雷达信息融合技术进行了研究,以提高平台对海的跟踪探测能力。本文主要涉及的工作:1、对升空平台AIS系统出现的问题进行研究。本文介绍了AIS系统的工作原理与SOTDMA协议过程,分析了升空AIS监视范围与出现信号冲突的问题,并且根据信号区别接收原理得到了时隙冲突、检测容量与发现概率之间的关系。分析分区域接收提高发现概率的可行性,并在matlab下仿真验证。2、通过对AIS数据报的编解码原理进行学习,分析了AIS主要的数据报文类型,并且通过软件实现AIS数据包的解析,并在电子海图上显示,为融合中心利用AIS信息提供支撑。3、本文基于信息融合系统的理论知识,分析了数据融合的模型与基本过程。利用拟合的航向信息对航迹平滑,提升海面目标航迹质量。在不同的测量噪声环境下,从插值精度与算法耗时方面仿真对比分析了最小二乘与拉格朗日插值方法的优缺点。推导存在测量噪声的基于AIS的三维空间配准算法,利用kalman滤波对系统误差进行估计,仿真分析了该算法配准精度与收敛速度。提出了基于DS理论的灰色航迹关联方法,该方法通过利用冗余的历史数据的组合证据进行判决,提高了正确关联概率。通过将其与统计双门限、模糊双门限关联算法在正确关联率、运行效率、适用环境等方面进行对比,为操作员选择算法提供参考。4、对升空AIS与雷达航迹融合系统做了总体设计,并在windows平台下用QT开发工具实现了AIS与雷达航迹信息融合系统。重点对接收航迹的处理、航迹管理、航迹关联的处理流程与关联算法进行了设计。通过模拟信息源进行测试,完成空中对海目标航迹的关联与融合,仿真结果表明该系统有较高的正确关联率,融合结果提高了目标航迹的精确度。本项目得到了“十二五”装备预研的资助。
[Abstract]:The AIS automatic ship identification system can provide accurate position and attribute information of ships, and it can effectively compensate for the influence of low precision of radar direction finding by information fusion technology. In this paper, the information fusion technology between airborne AIS and radar is studied. In order to improve the ability of the platform to track and detect the sea, the main work of this paper is to study the problems in the AIS system of the launching platform. The working principle of the AIS system and the process of the SOTDMA protocol are introduced in this paper. In this paper, the problem of monitoring range and signal conflict in airborne AIS is analyzed, and the relationship between slot conflict, detection capacity and detection probability is obtained according to the principle of signal receiving, and the feasibility of improving detection probability by sub-area reception is analyzed. By studying the encoding and decoding principle of AIS Datagram, the main data packet types of AIS are analyzed, and the analysis of AIS packet is realized by software, which is displayed on the electronic chart. In order to support the fusion center by using AIS information, this paper analyzes the model and basic process of data fusion based on the theoretical knowledge of information fusion system. Improve the track quality of sea surface targets. In different measurement noise environments, The advantages and disadvantages of the least square and Lagrange interpolation methods are compared and analyzed from the aspects of interpolation precision and the time consuming of the algorithm. A 3D registration algorithm based on AIS with measurement noise is derived, and the system error is estimated by using kalman filter. The registration accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm are simulated and analyzed. A grey track correlation method based on DS theory is proposed. The method is based on the combination of redundant historical data. By comparing it with statistical double threshold, fuzzy double threshold correlation algorithm in correct correlation rate, running efficiency, applicable environment and so on, the correct correlation probability is improved. This paper provides a reference for operator selection algorithm .4and makes the overall design of the airborne AIS and radar track fusion system, and realizes the AIS and radar track information fusion system with QT development tools under the windows platform. The emphasis is on the receiving track processing and track management. The processing flow of track association and the correlation algorithm are designed. Through the test of simulated information source, the correlation and fusion of sea target tracks in the air are completed. The simulation results show that the system has a high correct correlation rate. The fusion results improve the accuracy of the target track.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U675.7

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