后危机时代中国造船业出口贸易策略分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 07:07

本文选题：中国造船 + 后危机时代　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本世纪以来，中国造船业发展迅猛，举世瞩目。2009年，中国船厂手持订单首次超过韩国成为全球第一；在接下来的几年中，尽管受到金融危机的重创，中国造船业仍在艰难中向前，造船完工量连续四年位居世界第一位。船舶制造业是典型的外向型产业。历年来出口船舶在中国所有新建船舶中的比重都在80%~90%，因此金融危机前中国船舶出口总量也保持迅速增长。随着金融危机的爆发及随之而来的全球经济危机，中国造船业经历了前所未有的市场环境骤变，，多方面因素的共同作用使得造船企业的利润率不断下降。众多船厂无法接到新的订单，手持订单的交船难度也大幅增加，很多中小船厂宣布破产。针对目前艰难的状况提出相应对策，解决发展中出现的问题，将对中国船舶工业的发展起到积极作用。本文的分析主要基于要素禀赋理论、产品生命周期理论、技术差距理论和产业集聚理论等，主要参考2000年至2014年的数据，对期间中国船舶贸易概况、出口结构、贸易方式等方面着手剖析，初步分析结果显示，我国船舶产业十几年来发展迅速，贸易结构持续优化，但一直未能摆脱以三大传统船型为主的基本局面，出口的市场主要是香港、新加坡等亚洲国家和地区，和德国、希腊等欧盟国家，贸易方式比较单一，以加工贸易为主。后经济危机时代的中国船舶出口贸易又面临一系列新的问题，如成本大幅提升、配套能力不足、融资难度提高、贸易壁垒增加等等。未来中国船舶企业要加大科技投入，提升企业的科学管理水平，还要加强营销策略研究、提升售后服务质量，打造中国造船的国际品牌。另外国内具备条件的船舶企业可以考虑海工装备和优势非船产品的研发生产。最后，我们呼吁中央和地方政府以及船舶行业协会，统筹规划、合理指导，为船舶企业提供政策支持和资金支持，帮助中国造船业渡过难关，做大做强。
[Abstract]:China's shipbuilding industry has grown dramatically since this century. In 2009, for the first time, Chinese shipyards overtook South Korea for the first time to become the world's largest shipbuilder; in the next few years, despite being hit hard by the financial crisis, China's shipbuilding industry is still struggling, with shipbuilding completion being the world's number one for four years in a row. Shipbuilding industry is a typical export-oriented industry. Export ships accounted for 80% of all new ships in China over the years, so before the financial crisis, China's total export volume also maintained a rapid growth. With the outbreak of the financial crisis and the subsequent global economic crisis, the shipbuilding industry in China has experienced unprecedented market environment sudden change, the combined effect of various factors make the profit margin of shipbuilding enterprises continue to decline. Many shipyards can not receive new orders, handheld orders are also significantly more difficult to deliver, many small and medium-sized shipyards declared bankruptcy. To solve the problems in the development of shipbuilding industry, it will play a positive role in the development of China's shipbuilding industry. The analysis of this paper is based on factor endowment theory, product life cycle theory, technology gap theory and industrial agglomeration theory, referring to the data from 2000 to 2014. The preliminary analysis results show that China's shipping industry has developed rapidly in the past ten years and its trade structure has been continuously optimized, but it has not been able to get rid of the basic situation of three traditional ship types. The export market is mainly Hong Kong, Singapore and other Asian countries and regions, and Germany, Greece and other European Union countries, trade mode is relatively single, mainly in processing trade. In the post-economic crisis era, China's ship export trade is faced with a series of new problems, such as a large increase in cost, insufficient supporting capacity, increasing difficulty in financing, increasing trade barriers, and so on. In the future, Chinese shipbuilding enterprises should increase their investment in science and technology, improve their scientific management level, strengthen the research of marketing strategy, improve the quality of after-sales service, and build the international brand of Chinese shipbuilding. In addition, domestic shipbuilding enterprises with conditions may consider marine engineering equipment and advantages of non-ship products R & D production. Finally, we appeal to the central and local governments as well as the shipbuilding industry association to plan as a whole, give reasonable guidance, provide policy support and financial support to shipbuilding enterprises, and help the Chinese shipbuilding industry to tide over the difficulties and become bigger and stronger.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.474;F752.62

【参考文献】