新型吸声材料在船舶舱室降噪中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 01:11

本文选题：船舶舱室 + 内饰板　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：船舶噪声属于比较严重的噪声污染问题，船上噪声不仅会干扰船员的正常工作和生活，还会影响船员身心健康，引起人体生理变化，导致听力损伤。随着船舶不断大型化，其动力设备等导致的噪声问题日益严重，再加上随着生活水平的提升，人们对船舶舒适性的要求不断提高，因此为了能够提供一个安静舒适的工作环境，让船员及乘客远离噪声的困扰，国际海事组织经过近几次会议讨论，于2012年在国际海事组织海上安全委员会91次会议上通过了《船上噪声等级规则》修订草案，对船舶舱室噪声做出了更为严格的规定，并于2014年7月1日强制生效。将DE56新标准和IMO-468(Ⅻ)进行对比可以看出此次的降噪主要区域为人员活动比较频繁的起居区，该区域的大多数舱室的噪声限值均降低了5dB。由于以前的噪声等级规则并非强制性标准，此次新标准的强制实施无疑会对我国的船舶行业提出更大的挑战。本文首先介绍了船舶噪声的主要控制方法，对目前船舶上面船舶噪声控制方法有一定的认识和了解。然后根据船舶噪声控制方法以及船舶舱室舱壁板实际工装情况，本着尽量少占舱室内部空间来达到舱室降噪的目的，初步选定在舱室内饰板和舱壁板中间间隙填充吸声材料的方法进行舱室的降噪研究。通过对不同类型的吸声材料的分析对比选定使用三聚氰胺泡沫吸声材料作为试验材料。为了更好的对试验结果进行对比，我们首先对未在内饰板和舱壁板中间间隙填充吸声材料的工况进行测试，然后在舱室内饰板和舱壁板中间间隙填充不同厚度的吸声材料进行测试，分析填充三聚氰胺泡沫塑料前、后以及填充材料厚度不同时在各个频段的降噪效果。同时还对在吸声材料背后设置不同厚度的空气层的工况进行了试验，分析吸声材料背后空气层对舱室降噪的影响。本文通过在舱室内饰板和舱壁板中间间隙填充吸声材料来达到舱室降噪的目的。通过对试验数据的分析和比较，，验证了在舱室内饰板和舱壁板中间间隙填充吸声材料以及在吸声材料背后设置空气层具有良好的降噪效果，为船舶舱室的降噪设计起到了一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Ship noise is a serious problem of noise pollution. It will not only interfere with the normal work and life of crew, but also affect the health of crew, cause physiological changes of human body and lead to hearing loss. As the ship becomes larger and larger, the noise problem caused by its power equipment is becoming more and more serious, and with the improvement of living standard, the requirement of ship comfort is raised constantly, so in order to provide a quiet and comfortable working environment, After several recent meetings and discussions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the revised draft ship noise rating Code at the 91st meeting of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee in 2012. More stringent regulations on cabin noise were made, which came into force on July 1, 2014. By comparing the new DE56 standard with IMO-468 (XII), it can be seen that the main area of noise reduction is the living area where the human activities are more frequent, and the noise limit of most compartments in this area has been reduced by 5 dB. Since the previous noise level rules are not mandatory standards, the enforcement of the new standards will undoubtedly pose a greater challenge to the shipping industry in China. This paper first introduces the main control methods of ship noise, and has a certain understanding of the present ship noise control methods on board ships. Then according to the method of noise control and the actual working condition of the bulkhead, the purpose of reducing the noise of the cabin is to minimize the interior space of the cabin. The method of filling the space between the interior decor and the bulkhead plate with sound absorbent material was preliminarily selected to study the noise-reduction of the compartments. The melamine foam sound absorbent material was selected as the test material through the analysis and comparison of different kinds of sound absorbing materials. In order to compare the test results better, we first tested the condition that the gap between the interior panel and bulkhead plate was not filled with sound-absorbing material. Then the noise absorbent materials with different thickness were filled in the interspace between the interior decor and bulkhead plate to analyze the noise reduction effect before and after the filling of melamine foam and the thickness of the filling material at the same time in each frequency range. At the same time, the condition of setting different thickness air layer behind the sound absorbing material is tested, and the influence of the air layer behind the sound absorption material on the cabin noise reduction is analyzed. In this paper, the noise reduction is achieved by filling the gap between the interior decor and bulkhead plate. Through the analysis and comparison of the test data, it is proved that filling the gap between the interior decor and bulkhead plate of the cabin and setting the air layer behind the sound absorbing material have good noise reduction effect. It has played a certain reference value for the design of ship cabin noise reduction.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U661.44;U668

【参考文献】