小型水域水面漂浮物收集装置的设计

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:24

本文选题：水面漂浮物 + 收集装置　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,城市化进程逐渐加快,各城市人工景观水域与水生态修复建设工程不断涌现。但是景观水域由于各种原因往往会漂浮着一些水面垃圾,不仅造成视觉影响,还会引起水质恶化,水体异味,违背了景观水域的初衷。虾蟹池塘由于养殖的需要会种植沉水植物,但是沉水植物需要定期地切割和清理。现在已经存在用于切割水草的切割装置,仍需要收集装置将切割的水草打捞清理。目前,小型水域水面漂浮物的清理办法主要是采用手持式网兜等传统工具进行清除,存在清理不干净、耗时长、效率低、劳动强度大等弊端。市场上存在的水面漂浮物收集装置,往往是大型水域水葫芦打捞船,或水面打捞船(也称水面清扫船),其结构复杂、体型庞大、成本高昂,非常不适合于小型景观水域和养殖水域的使用。为了提高小型水域水面漂浮物收集的效率和养殖水域的清洁度,降低打捞者的工作强度,设计一种可拆卸式、结构简单、工作可靠的小型水面漂浮物收集装置变得十分重要。本文就是设计这样一种能方便安装于小型水域中现有船只的收集装置。首先,根据收集装置的工作要求,制定了小型水域水面漂浮物收集装置的设计方案。装置采用侧面安装的方式,安装于双体船上,利用翻转收集筐进行漂浮物的收集作业,由活塞气缸和无杆气缸驱动,选用汽油机作为动力装置。并设计了辅助装置,将普通的现有船只改造成双体船,为收集筐的安装提供平台。装置主要通过两个收集筐交替工作来实现了收集装置的连续作业。其次,制定了收集装置的工作流程,对收集筐装置的各组成部分进行了详细的结构设计。根据船体的大小和特性,确定了收集筐的结构尺寸,计算了收集装置的安装位置。根据安装位置,对收集装置在收集过程中气缸的受力进行了分析,得到气缸的最大受力,为接下来的气缸选型做准备。接着,根据收集装置的工作流程,设计了收集装置执行气缸的气动控制系统。该系统主要由活塞气缸翻转回路、无杆气缸推移回路和无杆气缸同步回路组成,活塞气缸翻转回路实现收集筐的翻转,无杆气缸推移回路实现推移板的往返推移,无杆气缸同步回路实现两个气缸的同步运行,从而保证推移板稳定工作,避免不同步引起的卡死现象。根据装置的设计参数和受力分析,对气缸驱动元件和控制元件进行了详细的选型。同时该驱动装置采用PLC进行集中控制,便于自动化和手动操作。本设计根据控制要求和PLC特性,对PLC进行了选型,分配了PLC的输入点和输出点,设计了相应的PLC控制程序,并通过实验台进行了调试验证。最后,制作了实验装置模型,通过模型的工作验证了收集装置工作的可行性。通过模型和PLC的联合实验表明,PLC能够较好地控制装置模型的预期动作,实现收集筐的收集过程。论文设计的收集装置,根据小型水域现有的船体进行设计,结构简单,通过二个收集筐的交替工作实现连续作业,需要收集时可方便地安装在现有船体上,结束工作后可以快速拆下,不仅省去了船体的费用,价格低廉,还有利于装置的保养和维护。该装置可应用于小型水域水面漂浮物的收集,具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy and the improvement of the people's living standard, the process of urbanization is accelerating gradually. The construction projects of artificial landscape water and water ecological restoration are constantly emerging in various cities. However, the landscape waters often float some of the water waste because of various reasons, which not only cause visual influence, but also cause the deterioration of water quality, the odor of water bodies, and the violation of the water. The original intention of the landscape waters is that the shrimp and crab ponds can be planted with submerged plants due to the need of breeding, but the submerged plants need to be cut and cleaned regularly. Now there is a cutting device for cutting water and grass. The traditional tools such as handheld net pocket are removed, and there are disadvantages of clean cleaning, long time, low efficiency and high labor intensity. The existing floating material collection device in the market is often a large water gourd fishing boat, or a water surface dredge (also known as a water surface cleaning ship). Its structure is complex, large and costly, and is very unsuitable for the market. The use of small landscape waters and aquaculture waters. In order to improve the efficiency of the collection of floating objects in small waters and the cleanliness of the aquaculture water and reduce the work intensity of the fishermen, it is important to design a removable, simple and reliable small floating collection device for the water surface. This is the design of such an energy side. It is installed in the collection of existing vessels in small waters. First, according to the work requirements of the collection device, a design scheme for the collection of floating objects in small water surface is formulated. The device is installed in a flank way, mounted on a catamaran, and the collection operation of floating objects is carried out by a reversal collection basket, with a piston cylinder and a rod free cylinder. Drive, select the gasoline engine as the power plant. And design the auxiliary device, transform the common existing ship into the catamaran, provide the platform for the collection basket installation. The device is mainly through two collecting baskets alternately working to realize the continuous operation of the collection device. Secondly, the working flow of the collection device is formulated, and the collection of basket devices are set up. According to the size and characteristics of the hull, the structure size of the collection basket is determined and the installation position of the collection device is calculated. According to the installation position, the force of the cylinder in the collection process is analyzed, the maximum force of the cylinder is obtained, and the next cylinder type selection is prepared. Then, the cylinder's maximum force is obtained. According to the work flow of the collection device, a pneumatic control system for collecting the actuator cylinder is designed. This system is mainly composed of the piston cylinder turnover loop, the rod cylinder's lapse loop and the synchronous loop of the non rod cylinder, and the turnover loop of the piston cylinder realizes the reversal of the collection basket. The synchronous circuit of the cylinder cylinder realizes the synchronous operation of the two cylinders, thus ensuring the stable work of the bed plate and avoiding the death of the card. According to the design parameters and the force analysis of the device, the cylinder drive element and the control element are selected in detail. At the same time, the driving installation uses PLC for centralized control so as to facilitate automation and control. Manual operation. According to the control requirements and PLC characteristics, the design of the PLC is selected, the input point and output point of PLC are allocated, the corresponding PLC control program is designed, and the test verification is carried out through the experiment platform. Finally, the model of the experimental device is made, and the feasibility of the collection device is verified through the work of the model. Through the model and PL The joint experiment of C shows that PLC can better control the expected action of the device model and realize the collection process of the collection basket. The collection device designed in this paper is designed according to the existing hull of the small waters. The structure is simple, and the continuous work is realized through the alternate work of two collecting baskets, which is convenient to be installed on the existing hull. After the end of the work, it can be quickly removed, not only the cost of the hull, the low price, and the maintenance and maintenance of the device. This device can be applied to the collection of floating objects in the water surface of small waters, and has a broad application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X52;U674.2

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