水下航行体通气超空泡弹道研究
发布时间：2019-05-19 06:24
【摘要】：水下航行体通气超空泡弹道是一个极为复杂的固-气-液三相介质流固耦合动力学问题，也是目前倍受关注的工程技术热点问题。本论文从通气超空泡内部流场的基础实验和数值模拟出发，探讨气-水两相介质的耦合动力学机制以及回转航行体在通气超空泡流场中的动力学行为，进而建立了水下回转航行体通气超空泡弹道方程。 本论文采用实验、理论和数值模拟相结合的研究方法，开展的具体研究工作和取得的主要研究成果如下： （1）通气空泡内部流场DPIV实验研究 包括两个方面：通气空泡内部流场DPIV测试方法和DPIV实验研究。对于前者，，解决了适用于气液两相流动的示踪粒子选取、通入与布撒等问题；分析了因多相流动、存在气-液两相介质曲面界面以及光线折射和反射等所导致的超空泡内部流动图像失真以及水流场粒子散射所造成的光斑干扰等问题，提出了由实验原始图像和数据到真实图像和数据的还原与修正处理方法；编制了还原与修正计算程序，形成了DPIV实验图像与数据处理的工具和手段。对于后者，针对两种典型弹体模型，进行了共计16种工况的通气超空泡流场DPIV测试，获得了大量有价值的基础实验数据，给出了关于超空泡内部流场结构和流动规律的直观认识。 （2）通气超空泡内部流动三维数值模拟 采用FLUENT软件，进行了共计36种工况的数值计算，计算结果与DPIV实验结果相互印证，表明DPIV用于通气超空泡内部流场测试的实用性和有效性以及数值模型与计算结果的合理性和正确性；数值模拟结果揭示了通气空泡内部流场由通气孔附近的射流区和占空泡大部的回流区所组成的基本结构特征，并得到了通气与环境条件（通气率、通气角度和来流速度等）对射流区和回流区尺度的影响规律；数值模拟结果还给出了不同通气率、来流速度以及来流方向的通气空泡内部流场流速、压力等分布特性及其影响规律，分析了空泡壁面附近气流剪切层流动特性，实现了对通气空泡内部复杂流场的细致描述。 （3）通气空泡壁面动力学行为研究 通过实验与数值模拟获得了考虑空泡内部气体动力作用的压力和冲击边界条件，建立了考虑通气气流动能效应以及内部流场压力分布规律的空泡壁面发展与振荡动力学模型；进行了通气超空泡高速摄影实验，对振荡空泡壁面的图像辨识和振荡曲线频谱进行了分析，建立了通气空泡振荡经验公式；对比分析证明了所建理论模型的合理性。 （4）通气超空泡弹道方程研究 综合考虑通气空泡两相流场对航行体气相边界层冲击作用、气体回流冲击作用以及径向振荡水流冲击作用等，建立了回转航行体载荷计算模型，在此基础上建立了考虑通气空泡非定常多相流场环境的弹道方程。
[Abstract]:The supercavitation trajectory of underwater vehicle ventilation is a very complex fluid-solid coupling dynamics problem in solid-gas-liquid three-phase medium, and it is also a hot issue in engineering technology at present. Based on the basic experiments and numerical simulation of the flow field in the ventilated supercavitation, the coupling dynamic mechanism of the gas-water two-phase medium and the dynamic behavior of the rotating spacer in the ventilated supercavitation flow field are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the hypercavitation trajectory equation of underwater rotating vehicle ventilation is established. In this paper, the research method of combining experiment, theory and numerical simulation is adopted. The specific research work and the main research results are as follows: (1) the experimental study of DPIV in ventilated vacuole includes two aspects: DPIV test method and DPIV experimental study. For the former, the problems of tracer particle selection, penetration and distribution suitable for gas-liquid two-phase flow are solved. The distortion of flow image in supercavitation caused by multiphase flow, the interface of gas-liquid two-phase dielectric surface, the refraction and reflection of light, and the spot interference caused by particle scattering in water flow field are analyzed. The method of restoring and modifying the original image and data from the experiment to the real image and data is put forward. The reduction and correction calculation program is compiled, and the tools and means of DPIV experimental image and data processing are formed. For the latter, for two typical bullet models, the DPIV tests of ventilation supercavitation flow field under a total of 16 working conditions were carried out, and a large number of valuable basic experimental data were obtained. The intuitionistic understanding of the flow field structure and flow law in supercavitation is given. (2) the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the internal flow of ventilated supercavitation is carried out by using FLUENT software, and the numerical calculation of 36 working conditions is carried out, and the calculated results are confirmed with the experimental results of DPIV. It is shown that DPIV is practical and effective in measuring the flow field in ventilated supercavitation, and the rationality and correctness of the numerical model and the calculated results are also shown. The numerical simulation results reveal the basic structural characteristics of the flow field in the ventilated vacuole, which is composed of the jet area near the vent and the reflux area, which accounts for most of the vacuole, and the ventilation and environmental conditions (ventilation rate) are obtained. The influence of ventilation angle and incoming velocity on the scale of jet zone and reflux region; The numerical simulation results also give the distribution characteristics and influence laws of flow velocity and pressure in ventilated cavitation with different ventilation rate, incoming flow velocity and incoming flow direction, and analyze the flow characteristics of air flow shear layer near the cavitation wall. The complex flow field in ventilated vacuole is described in detail. (3) the dynamic behavior of ventilated bubble wall is studied by experiments and numerical simulation, and the pressure and impact boundary conditions considering the hydrodynamic action in cavitation are obtained. A dynamic model of cavitation wall development and oscillation is established, which takes into account the effect of gas flow energy and the pressure distribution of internal flow field. The high speed photography experiment of ventilated supercavitation was carried out, the image identification of oscillatory cavitation wall and the spectrum of oscillatory curve were analyzed, and the empirical formula of ventilated cavitation oscillations was established, and the rationality of the theoretical model was proved by comparative analysis. (4) study on the trajectory equation of ventilated supercavitation considering the impact of ventilated bubble two-phase flow field on the gas boundary layer of the navigational body, the impact of gas reflux and the impact of radial oscillatory flow, etc. The load calculation model of rotating craft is established, on the basis of which the ballistic equation considering the unstable multiphase flow field of ventilated cavitation is established.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U661.1
本文编号：2480468
[Abstract]:The supercavitation trajectory of underwater vehicle ventilation is a very complex fluid-solid coupling dynamics problem in solid-gas-liquid three-phase medium, and it is also a hot issue in engineering technology at present. Based on the basic experiments and numerical simulation of the flow field in the ventilated supercavitation, the coupling dynamic mechanism of the gas-water two-phase medium and the dynamic behavior of the rotating spacer in the ventilated supercavitation flow field are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the hypercavitation trajectory equation of underwater rotating vehicle ventilation is established. In this paper, the research method of combining experiment, theory and numerical simulation is adopted. The specific research work and the main research results are as follows: (1) the experimental study of DPIV in ventilated vacuole includes two aspects: DPIV test method and DPIV experimental study. For the former, the problems of tracer particle selection, penetration and distribution suitable for gas-liquid two-phase flow are solved. The distortion of flow image in supercavitation caused by multiphase flow, the interface of gas-liquid two-phase dielectric surface, the refraction and reflection of light, and the spot interference caused by particle scattering in water flow field are analyzed. The method of restoring and modifying the original image and data from the experiment to the real image and data is put forward. The reduction and correction calculation program is compiled, and the tools and means of DPIV experimental image and data processing are formed. For the latter, for two typical bullet models, the DPIV tests of ventilation supercavitation flow field under a total of 16 working conditions were carried out, and a large number of valuable basic experimental data were obtained. The intuitionistic understanding of the flow field structure and flow law in supercavitation is given. (2) the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the internal flow of ventilated supercavitation is carried out by using FLUENT software, and the numerical calculation of 36 working conditions is carried out, and the calculated results are confirmed with the experimental results of DPIV. It is shown that DPIV is practical and effective in measuring the flow field in ventilated supercavitation, and the rationality and correctness of the numerical model and the calculated results are also shown. The numerical simulation results reveal the basic structural characteristics of the flow field in the ventilated vacuole, which is composed of the jet area near the vent and the reflux area, which accounts for most of the vacuole, and the ventilation and environmental conditions (ventilation rate) are obtained. The influence of ventilation angle and incoming velocity on the scale of jet zone and reflux region; The numerical simulation results also give the distribution characteristics and influence laws of flow velocity and pressure in ventilated cavitation with different ventilation rate, incoming flow velocity and incoming flow direction, and analyze the flow characteristics of air flow shear layer near the cavitation wall. The complex flow field in ventilated vacuole is described in detail. (3) the dynamic behavior of ventilated bubble wall is studied by experiments and numerical simulation, and the pressure and impact boundary conditions considering the hydrodynamic action in cavitation are obtained. A dynamic model of cavitation wall development and oscillation is established, which takes into account the effect of gas flow energy and the pressure distribution of internal flow field. The high speed photography experiment of ventilated supercavitation was carried out, the image identification of oscillatory cavitation wall and the spectrum of oscillatory curve were analyzed, and the empirical formula of ventilated cavitation oscillations was established, and the rationality of the theoretical model was proved by comparative analysis. (4) study on the trajectory equation of ventilated supercavitation considering the impact of ventilated bubble two-phase flow field on the gas boundary layer of the navigational body, the impact of gas reflux and the impact of radial oscillatory flow, etc. The load calculation model of rotating craft is established, on the basis of which the ballistic equation considering the unstable multiphase flow field of ventilated cavitation is established.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U661.1
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