特种铝合金导体材料研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 11:44

本文关键词：特种铝合金导体材料研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,经济的高速发展增大了对架空电线电缆性能的要求。传统的电线电缆均采用铜芯材料,但是我国铜资源很缺乏,而且铜的价格一直居高不下,所以急需一种新型的导体材料来取代铜芯材料。相比之下,我国的铝资源储存量丰富,价格便宜,并且具有很高的导电率和良好的机械性能,能够很好的满足人们的需求,所以铝合金导体材料成为了替代铜导体的首选。我国铝矿中硅的含量超标,严重的降低了铝合金的导电率和力学性能,本文中创新性加入了稀土镧元素很好的解决了这个问题。本文通过正交试验研究不同的合金元素对铝合金性能的影响,和其在铝合金中产生的作用,分析机理。另外,还研究了对铝合金导体进行旋锻加工和退火工艺下,铝合金导体材料的组织和性能变化规律。得出以下结论：1、随着铁元素含量的逐渐增加,铝合金导体的导电率先是随之增大然后迅速减小,在Wt(Fe)=0.5%时,铝合金导体的导电率达到最大；抗拉强度随之逐渐上升,断裂延伸率逐渐下降,延伸率在9.34-7.26%之间变化,变化特别明显,说明铁元素的变化对铝合金导体的抗拉强度和断裂延伸率影响显著。2、随着铜元素含量的逐渐增加,特种铝合金导体的导电率随之减小；当Cu含量在0.15-0.20%变化时,导电率稍有下降,但是变化不大；当Cu含量在0.20-0.30%变化时,导电率显著下降,变化比较明显。随着铜元素的逐渐增多,导体抗拉强度逐渐增加,延伸率逐渐降低。当Cu含量在0.15-0.20%变化时,抗拉强度显著上升,变化明显,而延伸率明显下降：当Cu含量在0.20-0.30%变化时,抗拉强度稍有增加,但是变化不大,延伸率有一定程度的下降。3、随着镁元素含量的逐渐增加,铝合金导体的导电率随之减小,但变化范围不大。导体的抗拉强度得到了一定程度的提高,其抗拉强度先是逐渐上升然后逐渐下降而延伸率则是相反先下降后上升。当导体合金中Mg的含量为0.05%时,抗拉强度最大,达到123.42MPa,断裂延伸率达到最小值,为10.52%。4、当La含量在0.05-0.10%变化时,在铝合金中的强化作用主要有细晶强化、有限固溶强化,导电率上升,抗拉强度大大提高,延伸率大幅度下降；当La含量在0.10-0.20%变化,在铝合金中的强化作用为第二相强化,导电率迅速下降,抗拉强度有所上升,延伸率稍有下降。5、对铝合金的力学性能和导电性能进行分析,其最佳的成分配比为0.5%Fe、0.20%Cu、0.05%Mg、0.10%La和0.01%B,其余均为铝及其他杂质。6、比较铸态铝合金与经过旋锻、退火后的铝合金的组织和性能,可以看出,加工态铝合金导体的电导率、抗拉强度和断面延伸率得到了明显的提高。铝合金导体进行中间退火过程中发生了回复和再结晶过程,细小的等轴晶逐步取代了不均匀的晶粒,组织趋于稳定。7、退火时间1h,随着退火温度的逐渐增加,导电率上升,抗拉强度降低,延伸率增大。退火温度300℃,随着保温时间的延长,导体的电导率逐渐增大,抗拉强度减小,延伸率增加。8、特种铝合金导体在经过退火温度300℃和退火时间1h后,综合性能最好。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of the economy and the increase of overhead wire and cable wire and cable performance requirements. The traditional use of copper core, but copper resources in China are scarce, and the price of copper has been high, so we need a new conductive material to replace copper core material. By contrast, aluminum resources in China the storage of abundant, cheap, and has high conductivity and good mechanical properties, can be very good to meet the needs of the people, so Aluminum Alloy became the conductor material to replace copper conductor choice. China aluminum silicon content exceed the standard, seriously reduce the conductivity and mechanical properties of the Aluminum Alloy in this paper, the innovation of adding rare earth lanthanum to solve this problem well. The effect of alloy elements through orthogonal experiments on different Aluminum Alloy performance, and the Aluminum Alloy by the machine, analysis . in addition, also studied the swaging process and annealing process of Aluminum Alloy conductor, organization Aluminum Alloy conductor material and the change rule of performance. The following conclusions: 1, with the gradual increase of iron content, conductive Aluminum Alloy conductor is first increased and then decreased rapidly, at Wt (Fe) =0.5% when the conductivity Aluminum Alloy conductor maximum tensile strength; then gradually increased, the elongation rate gradually decreased, the elongation rate changes between 9.34-7.26%, the change is particularly evident, changes of iron on Aluminum Alloy conductor of tensile strength and elongation of.2 significantly, with the gradual increase of copper content, conductivity special Aluminum Alloy conductor decreases; when the content of Cu in the range of 0.15-0.20%, the conductivity decreased slightly, but little change; when the content of Cu in the range of 0.20-0.30%, the conductivity decreased significantly, change Obviously. With the gradual increase of the copper conductor, the tensile strength increased, the elongation rate decreased gradually. When the content of Cu in the range of 0.15-0.20%, significantly increased, the tensile strength changed significantly, while the elongation decreased significantly when Cu content in the range of 0.20-0.30%, the tensile strength increased slightly, but little change to a certain extent.3 decreased elongation, with increasing magnesium content, conductivity Aluminum Alloy conductor decreases, but the variation is small. The tensile strength of conductor has been improved to some extent, the tensile strength is gradually increased first and then decreased gradually but the elongation is opposite decreased and then increased. When the content of alloy conductor in 0.05% Mg, the maximum tensile strength and elongation reach 123.42MPa, reaches the minimum value, 10.52%.4, when the content of La in the range of 0.05-0.10%, strengthening effect on Aluminum Alloy mainly in the fine grain Finite strengthening, solid solution strengthening, the conductivity increased, tensile strength is greatly improved, the elongation rate decreased; when the content of La in the 0.10-0.20% change, strengthening effect on the Aluminum Alloy in the second phase strengthening, the conductivity decreased rapidly, the tensile strength increased, the elongation slightly decreased.5, analyze mechanical properties and the conductive performance of Aluminum Alloy, the best composition is 0.5%Fe, 0.20%Cu, 0.05%Mg, 0.10%La and 0.01%B, the rest are aluminum and other impurities in.6, compared with as cast Aluminum Alloy after rotary forging, microstructure and properties, Aluminum Alloy after annealing can be seen, the conductivity of machining Aluminum Alloy conductor, tensile the strength and elongation of the section has been significantly improved. Aluminum Alloy conductor intermediate annealing during recovery and recrystallization process, fine equiaxed grains gradually replaced the inhomogeneous grain organization, stabilized.7, 1H with the annealing time. Gradually increase the annealing temperature, the conductivity increased, tensile strength decreased and elongation increases. The annealing temperature of 300 DEG C, with the holding time, the conductivity of conductor increases, the tensile strength decreases and the elongation increases.8, special Aluminum Alloy conductor after the annealing temperature and annealing time at 300 1H, the best overall performance.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM24

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