政府干预对我国光伏产业产能过剩的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 13:11

本文关键词：政府干预对我国光伏产业产能过剩的影响研究　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济得到了飞速发展,但同时产能过剩问题一直是困扰我国经济发展的一大难题,在传统行业产能过剩问题尚未解决的情况下,一些战略性新兴产业也出现了不同程度的产能过剩问题,严重制约了我国经济的进一步发展,因此,研究产能过剩的形成原因,找到对应的解决方法,对于优化我国的产业结构、促进经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。太阳能具有清洁、无污染和用之不竭的特点,在当前资源日益枯竭和环境污染愈发严重的背景下,光伏产业成为未来产业发展的选择,受到各个国家政府的高度重视。微观经济学指出市场因垄断、外部性以及信息不对称等缺陷会出现市场失灵的情况,这个时候就需要政府这只"看得见的手"来干预经济,弥补市场失灵,实现国家宏观调控经济的目标。根据成本—收益原则,政府干预也存在边界,如果政府干预适当,能够促进资源的优化配置,让经济达到帕累托最优的状态。但是考虑到我国的实际国情,由于地方政府的"法团化"趋势、土地产权模糊、软预算约束等问题的存在,使得地方政府在干预经济过程中往往会忽视成本—收益原则而超出政府干预边界,导致政府干预失灵。作为战略性新兴产业的光伏产业,我国政府曾出台过许多政策措施来支持它的发展。不可否认,在光伏产业发展初期,政府干预对光伏产业的快速发展起到了重要的推动作用。然而,随着光伏产业的深入发展,很多地方政府忽略了产品的市场需求,依然大力上马光伏项目,造成光伏产业的过度投资,产品供给远远超出市场需求,导致光伏产业出现了严重的产能过剩问题。本文从政府补贴、土地成本价格的扭曲以及金融支持水平三个方面探讨了我国政府干预对光伏产业产能过剩的影响情况,并将光伏产业分为上、中、下三个环节,运用生产函数法来测度各个生产环节以及产业整体的产能利用率,并实证研究了政府干预对光伏产业产能过剩的影响,研究结果表明,政府在干预光伏产业发展的过程中,往往会出现越界现象,导致政府干预失灵,加剧了光伏产业的产能过剩问题。因此,本文认为政府应该通过完善官员绩效考核制度、加快要素市场改革、加强金融预算约束、加快产业结构调整以及改善行业创新环境五个方面来改善我国光伏产业的产能过剩问题。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been rapid development, but at the same time, the problem of overcapacity has been a major problem that perplexes the economic development of our country, while the problem of overcapacity in traditional industries has not been solved. Some strategic emerging industries have also appeared the problem of overcapacity to varying degrees, which seriously restricts the further development of our economy. Therefore, we should study the causes of overcapacity and find corresponding solutions. It is of great significance to optimize the industrial structure of our country and promote the sustainable development of economy. Solar energy is clean, pollution-free and inexhaustible. Under the background of increasingly exhausted resources and more serious environmental pollution, photovoltaic industry has become the choice of industry development in the future, which is highly valued by the governments of various countries. Microeconomics points out that the market is monopolized. The defects such as externality and information asymmetry will lead to market failure. At this time, the "visible hand" of the government is needed to intervene in the economy and make up for the market failure. According to the cost-benefit principle, the government intervention also has the boundary. If the government intervention is appropriate, it can promote the optimal allocation of resources. Let the economy reach the Pareto optimal state. But considering the actual situation of our country, due to the local government "corporate" trend, land property rights are fuzzy, soft budget constraints and other problems. In the process of economic intervention, local governments often ignore the cost-benefit principle and exceed the boundaries of government intervention, which leads to government intervention failure. As a strategic emerging industry, photovoltaic industry. Our government has introduced many policies and measures to support its development. Undeniably, in the early stage of the development of photovoltaic industry, government intervention has played an important role in promoting the rapid development of photovoltaic industry. With the further development of photovoltaic industry, many local governments ignore the market demand of products, still vigorously start photovoltaic projects, resulting in excessive investment in the photovoltaic industry, product supply far beyond the market demand. As a result of the photovoltaic industry there is a serious problem of overcapacity. The distortion of land cost and price and the level of financial support discussed the impact of government intervention on the excess capacity of photovoltaic industry, and divided the photovoltaic industry into the upper, middle, and the next three links. Using the method of production function to measure the capacity utilization ratio of each production link and industry as a whole, and the empirical study of the impact of government intervention on the excess capacity of photovoltaic industry, the research results show that. In the process of government intervention in the development of photovoltaic industry, there is often a phenomenon of crossing the border, which leads to government intervention failure, which exacerbates the problem of excess capacity in photovoltaic industry. This paper argues that the government should improve the performance appraisal system of officials, accelerate the reform of factor market, and strengthen the financial budget constraints. Speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure and improving the innovation environment of the industry to improve the problem of overcapacity in China's photovoltaic industry.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.61

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