核救灾机器人电子器件热防护系统研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 11:18

本文关键词：核救灾机器人电子器件热防护系统研究　出处：《华东理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：核电站紧急救灾机器人的开发是提高核电站安全运行能力,完善核事故应急处理预案体系的一个重要环节。核事故发生后高放高湿热的恶劣环境对人身安全造成严重威胁,目前只能采用机器人完成探测、清障等相关的任务需求。机器人用的电子器件除了耐辐射性能低外,对温度也有着很高的敏感性,为解决核救灾机器人电子器件热失效的问题,本文针对核事故后的两种不同工况,分别设计了高温高辐射下的隔热与相变结合,以及常温低辐射下水冷的热防护系统,考察了相关运行参数对热防护效果的影响,并通过对冷板的模拟进一步优化了水冷系统的设计。同时,对热防护系统进行了适用性和经济性评估。主要得到以下相关成果:(1)明确了核救灾机器人作业工况;分析电子器件高温失效机理及最高安全工作温度;基于执行任务的不同提出两种不同工况下的机器人热设计需求,初步计算热防护结构中需要的材料及器件参数。(2)针对安全壳内高放高湿热的作业环境,机器人采用外部隔热与内部相变吸热的方式对机器人进行热防护。实验表明,吸热的总量与相变材料的潜热有关,热控时间近似与相变材料的量成正比。对于安全壳外低辐射常温的作业环境,采用液体循环冷却的方式进行散热。实验表明,冷却液流速与器件平衡最高温度成反比,且随着流速的增大,平衡最高温度下降幅度逐渐减缓;管路串联方式的温升明显高于并联。(3)对液冷循环系统中的冷板内冷却液流动过程进行模拟研究,耗散功率、流速等与散热效果的关系与实验结果相符。不同流道内结构对散热影响明显,加入扰流柱之后接触表面的平衡最高温度略有下降,压力损失增大,换热效率有所提升,叉排的排列方式的冷板内冷却液压力损失小于正排排列方式。(4)对机器人的热防护设计的适用性及经济性进行评估。剂量的增大对于屏蔽材料的厚度增加显著,质量和造价均有明显提升,热防护系统的造价相对较低,经过防护后安全工作时长大大增加。
[Abstract]:The development of emergency relief robot for nuclear power station is to improve the safe operation ability of nuclear power plant. It is an important link to perfect the emergency plan system of nuclear accident. The harsh environment of high radiation and high humidity after the nuclear accident poses a serious threat to the personal safety. At present, only robot can be used to complete the detection. In addition to the low radiation resistance, the electronic devices used in the robot also have a high sensitivity to temperature, in order to solve the thermal failure of nuclear disaster relief robot electronic devices. In view of the two different working conditions after the nuclear accident, the thermal protection system of heat insulation and phase transition under high temperature and high radiation, as well as the thermal protection system of water cooling at normal temperature and low radiation, are designed in this paper. The influence of operation parameters on thermal protection effect was investigated, and the design of water cooling system was further optimized through the simulation of cold plate. The applicability and economy of the thermal protection system are evaluated. The main results are as follows: 1) the working conditions of the nuclear disaster relief robot are defined. The failure mechanism of electronic devices at high temperature and the maximum safe working temperature are analyzed. Based on the different tasks, two kinds of thermal design requirements of robot under different working conditions are proposed. The material and device parameters required in the thermal protection structure are calculated preliminarily. The robot uses external heat insulation and internal phase change heat absorption to protect the robot. The experiment shows that the total amount of heat absorption is related to the latent heat of phase change material. The thermal control time is approximately proportional to the amount of phase change material. For the working environment with low radiation and room temperature outside the containment, the cooling mode of liquid cycle is used to dissipate heat. The experimental results show that the thermal control time is in direct proportion to the amount of phase change material. The coolant flow rate is inversely proportional to the maximum equilibrium temperature of the device, and with the increase of the flow rate, the decrease of the maximum equilibrium temperature gradually slows down. The temperature rise of the pipeline in series is obviously higher than that in parallel.) the flow process of the cooling fluid in the cooling plate in the liquid-cooled circulation system is simulated and studied, and the dissipative power is dissipated. The relationship between flow rate and heat dissipation effect is consistent with the experimental results. The influence of different flow channel structure on heat dissipation is obvious. The equilibrium maximum temperature of contact surface decreases slightly and the pressure loss increases after adding spoiler column. Heat transfer efficiency has improved. The pressure loss of the coolant in the cold plate of the arrangement of the cross row is less than that of the normal arrangement. The applicability and economy of the thermal protection design of the robot are evaluated. The thickness of the shielding material increases significantly with the increase of the dose. The quality and cost of the thermal protection system are obviously improved, the cost of the thermal protection system is relatively low, and the working time of the thermal protection system is greatly increased after the protection.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP242;TM623.8

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