新型燃气轮机再热联合循环发电关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:02

本文关键词：新型燃气轮机再热联合循环发电关键技术研究　出处：《华北电力大学(北京)》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尽管近年来我国经济增长速度趋缓,但是GDP仍然保持6%以上的增速,能源需求量依然稳步增长。同时,我国能源结构存在不合理的地方。根据《BP中国能源统计年鉴》的数据,2015年我国煤炭消费总体呈下降趋势,但是仍然占一次能源消费量的63.7%;能源消费对石油的依赖有所降低,原油消费量占总量的18.6%;核能、水力发电和其他可再生能源的消费量占12%左右;值得注意的是,消费量长期徘徊在2%左右的天然气,2015年上升至5.9%。说明国家对天然气发电技术的重视。然而,煤炭在我国一次能源消费中的比例依然占主导地位。有专家预测,今后20年内,这种主导地位将继续保持。这个问题不仅从战略角度上困扰着我们,在环境上也不容小觑。近年来,雾霾的阴影在我国大地上挥之不去,对人民群众的身体健康造成威胁。作为一种发电形式,天然气发电是相对洁净、高效的发电形式。燃气轮机以及蒸汽-燃气联合循环具有低排放、系统循环热效率高、运行灵活和变负荷响应快等特点。基于经济发展战略和国际竞争的需求,世界上许多国家都将各国科技研发和装备制造业技术开发的重点转到了先进的燃气轮机技术上。先进燃气轮机技术是一个国家综合经济技术实力的象征。因此大力发展燃气轮机发电技术是目前解决能源问题的一种重要手段。本文根据一项国家发明专利,利用燃气燃烧“非热表面”再热技术,提高燃气轮机燃烧室进气压力,同时采用燃气“二次再热”和“中间冷却”手段,通过灵活的轴系布置,得到了一种新型燃气轮机再热循环发电技术。该系统具有运行灵活,启停速度快,效率高等特点,超过目前运用设备的整体效率3%-5%。文章首先对该系统基本原理和应用手段进行详细的热力学分析。将该新型燃气轮机再热发电技术分别应用到燃气-蒸汽联合循环(Gas-Steam Turbine Combined Cycle,简称GTCC)发电技术、大容量压缩空气储能(Compressed Air Energy Storage,简称CAES)高效发电系统和整体煤气化联合循环(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle,简称IGCC)发电系统中,并对新建立的三个系统进行详细的热力学计算,针对三个新系统的不同参数的变化以及变工况情况进行了优化。优化后的三个新系统,比目前应用最广泛的F级燃气轮机为主要设备的燃气循环发电技术的效率分别高出3.74%、9.37%和2.86%,并得到了最优化的参数。接着针对新系统燃烧室高压力燃烧的这一情况,设计并校核了燃气轮机高压燃烧实验平台。该平台具有高安全性、高可靠性以及多功能性。可以针对不同压力、流量、旋流器、喷嘴和气体种类进行燃烧实验。在这一章中,对燃烧器、燃气供给系统、电控系统、机械系统以及安全系统进行了详细的设计计算和校核,改进并优化了实验台,并全程参与搭建工作。最后,针对燃气轮机高压燃烧实验平台进行了燃烧研究。用数值计算和实验两种方法研究了不同压力下燃烧和污染物排放的规律,并进一步研究了在高压下不同功率和不同当量比下的燃烧和污染物排放规律。针对烟气再热循环,还研究了烟气掺混对高压燃烧的影响。并对今后准备改建的多种旋流器进行了模拟分析,为接下来的实验和研究工作打下基础。本文主要创新点是建立了新型燃气轮机再热循环热力系统,针对其应用在燃气-蒸汽联合循环、大规模压缩空气储能发电技术和整体煤气化联合循环发电技术中,进行了详细的热力系统计算,优化后的系统比目前应用的发电循环效率有了显著提升。并对燃气轮机在高压下的燃烧和污染物排放规律以及掺混再热烟气对燃烧的影响进行了实验和数值研究。
[Abstract]:Although China's economic growth rate has slowed down in recent years, but GDP still maintain more than 6% growth rate, energy demand is still growing steadily. At the same time, China's energy structure is not reasonable. According to the data, in 2015 the overall coal consumption in China showed a downward trend, but still in total energy the consumption of 63.7%; energy consumption reduced dependence on oil, crude oil consumption accounted for 18.6% of the total consumption; nuclear, hydropower and other renewable energy accounted for about 12%; it is worth noting that long-term consumption of hovering at about 2% of the natural gas, in 2015 rose to 5.9%. explain the importance of natural gas power generation technology. However, the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption in China is still dominant. Some experts predict that in the next 20 years, will continue to maintain this dominant position. This problem not only from the strategic angle The degree to haunt us, in the environment can not be underestimated. In recent years, the haze lingering in our country, a threat to people's health. As a form of power generation, natural gas power generation is relatively clean and efficient form. The gas turbine and steam gas combined cycle with low emissions system, high thermal efficiency, flexible operation and fast load response characteristics. The strategy of economic development and international competition based on the needs of many countries in the world will be the focus of technological development and equipment manufacturing technology to the advanced gas turbine technology. Advanced gas turbine technology is a symbol of national economy technical strength. So promoting the development of gas turbine power generation technology is an important means to solve the energy problem at present. In this paper, according to a national invention patent, the use of gas burning" Non thermal surface reheat technology, improve the inlet pressure of gas turbine, and the gas "two reheat" and "cooling" means, through the flexible shaft arrangement, has been a new type of gas turbine reheat cycle power generation technology. The system has the advantages of flexible operation, start stop speed, high efficiency, more than the use of equipment overall efficiency of 3%-5%. firstly carried out a detailed analysis of the thermodynamics of the system principle and application method. The new type of gas turbine power generation technology are applied to reheat gas steam combined cycle (Gas-Steam Turbine Combined Cycle, referred to as GTCC) power generation technology, large capacity of compressed air energy storage (Compressed Air Energy Storage, referred to as CAES), power system and integrated gasification combined cycle (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, referred to as IGCC) in power system, and the establishment of new The three systems detailed thermodynamic calculation, according to the changes of different parameters of three new systems and conditions were optimized. Three new optimized system, than the efficiency of gas cycle power generation technologies currently used most widely F gas turbine as the main equipment were up 3.74%, 9.37% and 2.86%, and the optimized parameters were obtained. Then according to the situation of high pressure combustion chamber combustion system, designed and checked the combustion gas turbine high pressure experimental platform. The platform has the advantages of high safety, high reliability and versatility. According to the different pressure, flow, swirler, nozzle and combustion gases the experiment. In this chapter, the burner, gas supply system, electric control system, mechanical system and safety system design detailed calculation and verification, improvement and optimization of the experimental platform, and full participation in a The building work. Finally, the experimental platform of high-pressure combustion gas turbine combustion were studied. The combustion and pollutant emission regularity under different pressure was studied by numerical calculation and experiments of two kinds of methods, and further studied under high pressure of different power and different equivalent ratio of combustion and pollutant emissions under the law. On the basis of flue gas reheat cycle, also study on the gas mixing effect on high-pressure combustion. And the variety of the cyclone in the future to prepare for reconstruction are simulated and analyzed, and lay the foundation for the next experiment and research work. The innovation of this paper is to establish a new type of gas turbine reheat cycle thermal system, for its application in gas - steam combined cycle, compressed air mass energy storage and power generation technology integrated gasification combined cycle power generation technology, the calculation of thermodynamic system with the optimized system than currently used on power generation Ring efficiency has been significantly improved. The combustion and pollutant emission rules of gas turbine under high pressure and the influence of mixed reheated flue gas on combustion are experimentally and numerically studied.

【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM611.31

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