基于宽禁带器件的光伏逆变器研究与实现

发布时间：2018-01-09 04:11

本文关键词：基于宽禁带器件的光伏逆变器研究与实现　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程管理与信息技术学院)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：太阳能是一种低碳、环保的新能源,太阳能发电是开发利用太阳能的重要途径,成为近年和未来研究的热点,应用也越来越广。光伏逆变器作为太阳能发电系统的核心部件,大都采用单台功率等级在数百k W的集中式并网光伏逆变器。集中式逆变器沉重体积庞大,太阳能电池利用率比较低,功率体积比低,维护成本高。主要原因是这种逆变器都是采用传统的Si半导体器件,其开关频率只有3~4k Hz,需要大的储能元器件,造成逆变器的体积和重量也随之增大。因此减小光伏逆变器的体积和重量,降低成本,对太阳能发电的普及和应用具有重要意义。本文在微型光伏逆变器中使用一种新型宽禁带半导体器件,将逆变器的工作频率提高到上百k Hz,在减小了逆变器体积的同时提高了逆变器的转换效率,完成的主要工作包括:首先,对新型宽禁带半导体器件的特性进行了分析和研究,总结了其物理特性和相比传统Si半导体器件的优点,以及Ga N宽禁带器件在功率转换器中的应用情况;其次,设计了微型逆变器的拓扑方案。对各种功率拓扑方案进行了比较,详细分析了典型的正激、反激、推挽、半桥和全桥等功率变换拓扑原理,比较了这些功率变换拓扑电路优缺点,并最终选择推挽谐振拓扑和全桥拓扑设计微型逆变器;然后,本文设计了逆变器的高频驱动电路和软硬件控制策略,详细分析功率器件的驱动理论,并对整个硬件系统平台进行了详细的设计,包括逆变器整体结构、升压电路、逆变电路、驱动电路、采样电路等;最后,对最大功率250W的微型光伏逆变器制作了实验样机进行测试验证,完成了预先设定的指标,结果表明新型的氮化镓材料功率器件在减小微型逆变器体积的同时也显著提高的效率。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a low carbon, environmental protection new energy, solar power generation is an important way to develop and utilize solar energy, and become the focus of research in recent years and in the future. Photovoltaic inverter as the core component of solar power generation system, mostly uses a single power level in the hundreds of kilowatts of centralized grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. Centralized inverter heavy volume. The main reason for this kind of inverter is that the traditional Si semiconductor device is used, and its switching frequency is only 3 ~ 4kHz. Large energy storage components are needed to increase the volume and weight of the inverter. Therefore, the volume and weight of the photovoltaic inverter will be reduced and the cost will be reduced. It is of great significance to the popularization and application of solar power generation. In this paper, a new type of wide band gap semiconductor device is used in the miniature photovoltaic inverter, and the frequency of the inverter is increased to hundreds of kHz. The conversion efficiency of the inverter is improved while the volume of the inverter is reduced. The main work is as follows: firstly, the characteristics of the novel wide band gap semiconductor devices are analyzed and studied. Its physical properties and advantages compared with traditional Si semiconductor devices, and the application of gan wide bandgap devices in power converters are summarized. Secondly, the topology scheme of miniature inverter is designed. The power topology schemes are compared, and the typical forward, flyback, push-pull, half-bridge and full-bridge topologies are analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of these power conversion topology circuits are compared, and the push-pull resonant topology and the full-bridge topology are selected to design the miniature inverter. Then, the high frequency drive circuit and hardware and software control strategy of inverter are designed, the driving theory of power device is analyzed in detail, and the whole hardware system platform is designed in detail, including the whole structure of inverter. Boost circuit, inverter circuit, drive circuit, sampling circuit, etc. Finally, the experimental prototype of the maximum power 250W miniature photovoltaic inverter is made to test and verify, and the preset index is completed. The results show that the new gallium nitride power device can reduce the volume of the micro inverter and improve the efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM615;TM464

【相似文献】