微型压缩空气储能发电系统建模及优化控制

发布时间：2018-01-10 17:19

本文关键词：微型压缩空气储能发电系统建模及优化控制　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：可再生能源的大规模开发利用推动了全球能源体系的历史变革,是缓解能源危机的重要手段之一。然而,风能、太阳能等可再生能源具有较强的波动性及间歇性等特征,为电力系统中的储能环节带来了新的挑战。诸多储能方式中,压缩空气储能因具有环境友好、寿命长、无相变损失以及容量易于监控等突出优点而备受国际社会关注。当前,压缩空气储能系统正向大规模化和微型化方向发展,其中微型压缩空气储能系统以其选址灵活、经济可靠等优势,日益得到学术界和产业界的高度关注。然而压缩空气储能系统相对于其他储能技术而言效率较低,是阻碍其大规模发展的重要因素之一。因此,为提高压缩空气储能系统能量利用和转换的能力,本文以微型压缩空气储能发电系统为研究对象,从系统关键部件建模入手,多角度分析了系统效率的变化规律,并对系统效率的优化控制方法展开了研究。压缩空气储能系统效率分析与优化控制的前提是建立系统关键部件的数学模型。本文选用涡旋式膨胀机作为能量转换设备,并提出了一种基于机理和经验的涡旋膨胀机混合建模方法。该方法综合考虑气体泄漏、过欠膨胀及摩擦等因素的影响建立了涡旋膨胀机体积流量和输出转矩的机理模型,选取进气压力、温度和转速等作为模型的控制变量,对其他参数进行集总并利用大量的试验数据训练未知参数,最终获得了涡旋膨胀机的混合模型。该混合模型兼顾机理模型的精确性和经验模型的工程实用性,极适用于微型压缩空气储能系统的效率分析和优化控制。在涡旋膨胀机混合模型的基础上,本文引入空气有效能的概念建立了膨胀效率评价指标。根据该效率评价指标,本文首先分析了涡旋膨胀机的膨胀效率随进气压力、温度和转速等控制变量的变化规律,可知不同进气压力下存在最优转速使膨胀效率达到最大值。进而,本文定量定性地分析了计及热(冷)量的微型压缩空气储能发电系统效率,仿真结果反映了有效利用系统产生的热(冷)量可大幅提升系统能量综合利用能力。最后,本文从空气有效能的角度定量计算了由调压阀造成的节流损耗,分析了不同节流压力大小对系统效率的影响。本文在系统效率变化规律的基础上提出了效率优化策略,即在系统运行达到稳态时保证输出功率平衡功率需求,同时驱动系统运行于效率高效区。该优化策略基于涡旋膨胀机混合模型,选用拉格朗日乘子法实现优化算法,搜索系统最优工作点。该优化策略建立在混合模型的优势之上,大大简化了优化算法的复杂度,同时满足精确性和快速性的工程需求,极适用于实时优化控制系统。最后本文介绍了微型压缩空气储能发电系统控制平台,试验验证了基于涡旋膨胀机混合模型的效率优化策略的合理性。通过试验验证了不同功率需求下的优化结果,得出结论:本文提出的优化策略能够控制系统输出功率匹配实时变化的功率需求,同时驱动系统运行于效率高效区。
[Abstract]:The large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy to promote the global energy system of historical change, is one of the important means to alleviate the energy crisis. However, wind energy, solar energy and other renewable energy has a strong volatility and intermittent characteristics for power system energy storage has brought new challenges. A lot of energy storage, compressed air the storage because of its environmental friendliness, long service life, no phase loss and easy monitoring capacity advantages and the concern of the international community. At present, the compressed air energy storage system is a large-scale and miniaturization direction, the micro compressed air energy storage system with its location is flexible, economical and reliable advantages, has been highly concerned the academia and industry. However, the compressed air energy storage system other energy storage technology for low efficiency is relative to hinder the large-scale development of one of the important factors. This, in order to improve the ability of compressed air energy storage system energy utilization and conversion, based on micro compressed air energy storage power generation system as the research object, starting from the key parts of the system modeling, multi angle analysis of the variation of system efficiency and optimization control method on system efficiency is studied. System efficiency analysis premise and the optimal control is to establish the mathematical model of the key parts of the system. The compressed air energy storage scroll expander as energy conversion device, and proposes a hybrid modeling method of scroll expander mechanism and based on experience. This method considering the gas leakage, less influence factors such as friction and expansion mechanism model was built scroll expander volume flow and output torque, including intake pressure, temperature and speed as the control variables of the model, the other parameters are set and the use of a large number of The training test data of unknown parameters, finally got the mixed model of scroll expander. The hybrid model taking into account the practical accuracy of the mechanism model and experience model, is very suitable for the efficiency of the micro compressed air energy storage system analysis and optimization control. Based on the scroll expander mixing model, this thesis introduces the concept of air effective established expansion efficiency evaluation index. According to the evaluation index of the efficiency, this paper analyzes the expansion efficiency of vortex expands with the inlet pressure machine, variation of temperature and speed control variables, the different inlet pressure under the optimal rotation speed of the expansion efficiency reaches the maximum value. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Heat (cold) and the amount of micro compressed air energy storage power generation efficiency of the system, the simulation results show the effective use of the system generated heat (cold) can significantly enhance the comprehensive energy system The use of ability. Finally, this paper calculates the throttling loss caused by the pressure regulating valve of air quantity from the effective point of view, analyzes the influence of different sizes of throttle pressure on system efficiency. Based on the variation of the efficiency of the system is put forward on the efficiency optimization strategy, which is to ensure the output power balance of power demand in the operating system to achieve steady state at the same time, drive the system running in high efficiency area. The optimization strategy based on hybrid model of scroll expansion, using Lagrange multiplier method to realize optimization algorithm, the optimal operating point search system. The optimization strategy based on the advantages of the mixed model, greatly simplifies the complexity of optimization algorithm, and meet the requirements of engineering accuracy and fast the most suitable for real-time optimization control system. Finally, this paper introduces the micro compressed air energy storage power generation system control platform, experimental verification based on vortex The rationality of optimization strategy efficiency expander mixture model. Through the test results, the requirements of different power under this paper's power demand optimization strategy to control the system output power, time variation, and drive system running on the efficiency of high efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM619

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