开关磁阻电机调速系统控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 16:06

本文关键词：开关磁阻电机调速系统控制策略研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来随着电力电子技术和各种微处理器技术的发展,基于开关磁阻电机(SRM)的调速系统受到了广大学者的关注。作为一种新型调速系统,它结构简单、成本低、运行可靠、调速范围广,在电动汽车、航天航空、工业自动化等领域得到了广泛应用。但自身的双凸极结构和磁链非线性特性使其在运行过程中产生了转矩脉动现象,这限制了开关磁阻的进一步推广应用,如何有效抑制转矩脉动已经成为开关磁阻电机的一个研究热点。因此,本文以减小转矩脉动为目标,选择直接转矩控制策略和转矩分配控制策略作为研究方向,从调速系统设计的角度阐明如何实现这两种控制理论。本文首先介绍了开关磁阻电机的发展概况及目前控制策略的研究现状,还有其运行原理、数学模型。开关磁阻电机的双凸极结构导致其运行时磁链具有严重的非线性特点,且磁路极易饱和,难以精确建立本体模型,本文采用有限元法分析其电磁特性,得到磁链和转矩的离散数据,利用查表法建立电机本体模型。搭建基于PID的电流斩波控制调速系统,并分析其运行性能,可以发现在电流斩波控制策略下电机的转矩整体趋势较为平稳,但转矩脉动幅值较大,而且抗负载扰动性的动态响应慢。为减小转矩脉动并提高调速系统的稳定性,本文首先借鉴了交流电机调速中广泛使用的直接转矩控制(DTC)思想,结合开关磁阻电机功率变换器的开关状态建立合理的空间电压矢量,对转矩进行直接控制。并通过搭建仿真模型分析其各种情况下的运行性能,可以发现直接转矩控制确实可以有效减少转矩脉动,但运行中各相产生的负输出转矩降低了电机的运行效率。接下来对另一种抑制转矩脉动效果较好的控制策略——转矩分配控制策略(TSC)进行研究分析,通过利用转矩分配函数将期望转矩分配给各相,各相转矩叠加实现开关磁阻电机的恒转矩控制,本文采用余弦型分配函数实现开关磁阻电机的转矩分配控制。同样搭建仿真模型分析运行情况,可以发现转矩分配控制不仅在低速时转矩脉动很小,在高速运行状态下转矩幅值的波动也不大,同时调速和转矩控制性能良好,转矩抑制效果明显。最后,基于DSPTMS320F2812控制芯片搭建开关磁阻电机调速系统的实验平台,进行软硬件的设计。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of power electronics and microprocessor technology, based on switched reluctance motor (SRM) speed control system by the attention of scholars. As a new type of speed control system, it has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable operation, wide speed range, in electric vehicles, aerospace, industrial automation and other fields a wide range of applications. But its structure and nonlinear characteristics of doubly salient flux to produce torque ripple phenomenon in the operation process, which limits the further application of switched reluctance, how to effectively restrain the torque ripple has become a hot research topic in the switched reluctance motor. Therefore, in this paper, aiming at reducing the torque ripple, select control the control strategy and the torque distribution as the research direction of direct torque control system, from the design point of view, expounds how to realize the two kinds of control theory in this paper. On the current situation of development of switched reluctance motor and the control strategy, and its operation principle, mathematical model of switched reluctance motor. The double salient structure leads to the operation of flux has nonlinear characteristics of serious, and very easy to magnetic saturation, it is difficult to establish the ontology model, this paper analyses the electromagnetic characteristics obtained by finite element method. The discrete data of flux and torque, using look-up table method to establish the ontology model was set up. The PID motor current chopper speed control system based on the analysis of its operating performance, can be found in the overall trend of motor current chopping control strategy is relatively stable, but the amplitude of the torque ripple, and anti disturbance of the slow dynamic response. In order to reduce the torque ripple and improve the stability of control system, this paper first uses the direct torque widely used in AC motor speed control (DTC),. The switch state of the switch reluctance motor power converter to establish reasonable voltage space vector, the direct control of torque. And through building simulation model and performance analysis of the various circumstances, can be found in direct torque control can effectively reduce the torque ripple, but the negative output torque of each phase in the operation of the lower operation efficiency of motor the next control strategy for another better -- the suppression of torque ripple torque distribution control strategy (TSC) was analyzed, by using the torque distribution function will be assigned to the desired torque of each phase, each phase torque superposition to achieve constant torque control of switched reluctance motor, this paper adopts cosine distribution function realization of switched reluctance torque distribution motor control. Also the simulation model analysis of the operation, can be found not only in the low speed torque distribution control torque ripple is Small, the fluctuation of torque amplitude is not large at high speed operation. Meanwhile, the speed and torque control performance is good, and the torque suppression effect is obvious. Finally, based on the DSPTMS320F2812 control chip, we build the experimental platform of switched reluctance motor speed control system, and design the software and hardware.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM352

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