三相异步电动机矢量控制设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-12 12:30

本文关键词：三相异步电动机矢量控制设计与实现　出处：《湖北工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三相异步电动机具有结构简单、运行可靠、重量轻、价格便宜的优良特点,因而得到了广泛的应用,但其调速困难限制了异步电动机的广泛使用。目前随着电力电子器件的发展,交流变频调速技术逐渐成熟,矢量控制技术经过几十年的不断发展,在交流调速领域已被广泛使用。本课题设计与实现了基于Microchip系列DSC设计三相异步电动机的矢量控制系统。主要内容是根据采用矢量控制原理,以数字信号处理器dsPIC30F4011芯片为控制核心,构建了一个基于DSP的三相异步电动机间接型矢量控制系统。通过坐标变换原理将三相定子电流分解为电磁电流和转矩电流,然后在三相异步电动机数学模型的基础上,计算出转子磁链,磁通角,电磁转矩等参数,再用标准的PI控制环对这些参数分别进行控制,从而实现了对磁通和转矩的解耦控制。(1)研究并给出了三相异步电动机在三相静止坐标系下的电压、磁链、转矩方程式。应用Clake变换和Park变换推导出了电动机在两相旋转坐标系下的磁链方程、电磁转矩方程和转差角速度方程。另外,还研究了空间电压矢量调制技术的原理和实现方法。(2)构造了三相异步电机的矢量控制系统框图,系统的主要组成部分有电机运行参数测量模块,坐标变换模块,磁链观测器模块,转矩观测器模块,PI调节器模块,脉冲发生器模块,逆变器模块。然后在MATLAB中分别构建这些模块,连接成系统并仿真。从仿真结果中得到了控制系统的速度调节时间与稳态误差,以及定子三相电流的大小,转矩的波动等。(3)以数字信号处理器dsPIC30F4011芯片为控制核心设计了控制板,整个系统由处理器最小系统电路,串口通行电路,电流信号处理电路和供电电路组成。以智能功率模块(IPM)PS21963芯片为驱动核心设计了电动机驱动板,整个系统由光耦隔离电路,逆变电路,执行供电电路组成。在Altium中绘制了原理图,并设计与制作了PCB板,搭建了三相异步电动机调速硬件控制系统。
[Abstract]:Three-phase asynchronous motor has been widely used because of its simple structure, reliable operation, light weight and cheap price. With the development of power electronic devices, the technology of AC variable frequency speed regulation has matured gradually, and the vector control technology has been developing continuously for several decades. This paper designs and implements the vector control system of three-phase asynchronous motor based on Microchip series DSC. The main content is based on the original vector control. Reason. The digital signal processor (dsPIC30F4011) is used as the control core. An indirect vector control system of three-phase asynchronous motor based on DSP is constructed. The three-phase stator current is decomposed into electromagnetic current and torque current by coordinate transformation principle. Then based on the mathematical model of three-phase asynchronous motor, the rotor flux, flux angle, electromagnetic torque and other parameters are calculated, and these parameters are respectively controlled by the standard Pi control loop. Thus the decoupling control of flux and torque is realized and the voltage and flux linkage of three-phase asynchronous motor in three-phase static coordinate system are given. In this paper, the flux chain equation, electromagnetic torque equation and rotation angular velocity equation of motor in two-phase rotating coordinate system are derived by using Clake transform and Park transform. The principle and implementation method of space voltage vector modulation (SVPWM) are also studied. The vector control system block diagram of three-phase asynchronous motor is constructed. The main component of the system is the measuring module of motor operating parameters. Coordinate conversion module, flux observer module, torque observer module Pi regulator module, pulse generator module, inverter module. Then in MATLAB, these modules are constructed. From the simulation results, the speed adjustment time and steady-state error of the control system and the magnitude of the stator three-phase current are obtained. The control board is designed based on the digital signal processor (dsPIC30F4011) chip. The whole system is composed of the processor minimum system circuit and the serial port circuit. The current signal processing circuit and power supply circuit are composed. The motor drive board is designed with the intelligent power module IPMP21963 as the driving core. The whole system is composed of optocoupler isolation circuit and inverter circuit. The principle diagram is drawn in Altium, the PCB board is designed and fabricated, and the hardware control system of three-phase asynchronous motor speed regulation is built.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM343.2

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