调速永磁同步电动机系列化设计新方法的研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 06:09

本文关键词：调速永磁同步电动机系列化设计新方法的研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：调速永磁同步电动机具有结构简单、效率高、功率密度高以及动态性能良好等优点,在工业、商业电器、运输车辆、航空等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。研究调速永磁同步电动机的设计方法,开发高效、标准、系列化的调速永磁同步电动机,具有重要的科研意义和应用价值。目前,调速永磁同步电动机的设计主要参照感应电动机的规格进行设计。对于同一机座,由于电机功率、极数、槽数等的不同,定、转子冲片也不同,造成电机冲片规格繁多,给电机的设计、制造、使用和维护带来很多不便。为缩短电机的设计和试制周期,减少模具数量,提高零部件的通用性,降低制造和维护成本,本文提出一种调速永磁同步电动机系列化设计的新构想,即:对同一机座号的电机,选用相同的极数和槽数,并采用相同尺寸的定转子冲片;电机转速不同,则供电频率不同。基于此构想,本文围绕内置式永磁同步电动机的本体设计进行了系统研究,主要工作和取得的成果如下:1)电机电磁结构设计研究。本文对调速永磁同步电动机的基本结构进行了分析,选择V型结构作为系列电机的转子结构;对比了极数对电机结构和经济性的影响,确定了系列电机的极数为6;从铁耗密度的角度,给出了系列电机铁心磁密的确定原则,并进行了永磁体的设计;分析了不均匀气隙对电机气隙磁密分布、空载反电势和齿槽转矩等的影响;提出了一种内置式永磁电机漏磁系数解析计算方法,并与有限元法计算结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的准确性。2)内置式永磁电机齿槽转矩分析、计算与削弱的研究。本文采用解析法分析了内置式永磁电机的齿槽转矩,鉴于解析法计算准确度差,有限元法计算量大、计算周期长的特点,提出了一种齿槽转矩快速准确计算方法。该方法基于能量法推导了齿槽转矩的解析表达式,对计算所需的傅里叶系数则采用有限元法求取。通过有限元法求取不同结构的气隙磁密分布,据此计算出转子等效磁动势和有效气隙长度的分布,进而求出傅里叶系数,代入解析公式即可快速准确地计算出齿槽转矩;本文对内置式永磁电机齿槽转矩的削弱措施进行了研究,主要分析了合理选择极弧系数和采用不同极弧系数组合等方法。3)电机系列化设计研究。研究了调速永磁同步电动机的系列设计准则,分析了不同功率相同转速和不同转速相同功率电机的类比规律,为系列电机的派生设计提供了依据;以160机座号样机设计为例展示了样机的设计方案和电磁计算结果,并对设计的样机进行了样机试验,试验结果表明样机性能满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:The speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, high power density and good dynamic performance, in industrial, commercial appliances, transport vehicles. The design method of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied, and the efficient, standard and serialized PMSM is developed. It has important scientific research significance and application value. At present, the design of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor mainly refers to the specification of induction motor. For the same seat, because of the motor power, pole number. The number of slots, stator, rotor punches are also different, resulting in a variety of motor punch specifications, to the motor design, manufacture, use and maintenance of a lot of inconvenience. In order to shorten the motor design and trial production cycle. To reduce the number of dies, improve the versatility of parts and components, and reduce the cost of manufacturing and maintenance, this paper presents a new idea of serialization design of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor, that is, the motor with the same seat number. Select the same number of poles and slots, and use the same size of the stator and rotor punch; The frequency of power supply is different with different rotating speed of motor. Based on this conception, this paper makes a systematic study on the body design of built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The main work and achievements are as follows: 1) the electromagnetic structure design of the motor. The basic structure of the speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed in this paper, and the V-type structure is chosen as the rotor structure of the series motor. The effect of pole number on the structure and economy of motor is compared, and the number of poles of series motor is determined to be 6. From the angle of iron loss density, the determination principle of iron core density of series motors is given, and the design of permanent magnet is carried out. The influence of non-uniform air gap on airgap magnetic density distribution, no-load back EMF and slot torque are analyzed. An analytical calculation method of magnetic flux leakage coefficient of built-in permanent magnet motor is proposed, and compared with the result of finite element method, which verifies the accuracy of this method. 2) the torque analysis of tooth slot of built-in permanent magnet motor. In this paper, the slotting torque of the built-in permanent magnet motor is analyzed by analytical method. In view of the poor accuracy of the analytical method, the finite element method has the characteristics of large computational complexity and long calculation period. This paper presents a fast and accurate method for calculating the slotting torque, which derives the analytical expression of the slotting torque based on the energy method. The finite element method is used to calculate the Fourier coefficients and the magnetic density distribution of air gap of different structures is obtained by finite element method. Based on this, the distribution of effective air gap length and equivalent magnetic EMF of rotor is calculated. Then the Fourier coefficient can be calculated, and the torque of the tooth slot can be calculated quickly and accurately by the analytical formula. In this paper, the weakening measures of the slot torque of the built-in permanent magnet motor are studied. This paper mainly analyzes the series design of motor with reasonable selection of polar arc coefficient and different combination of polar arc coefficient, and studies the series design criteria of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The analogical law of the motor with the same power and the same speed is analyzed, which provides the basis for the derivative design of the series motors. The design scheme and electromagnetic calculation results of the prototype are demonstrated by taking the prototype design of the 160 seat as an example, and the prototype test is carried out. The experimental results show that the performance of the prototype meets the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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